No abstract

Acute P./myeloid leukemia post cytotoxic therapy (AML-pCT) is rare complication of cancer treatment in childhood. The objective of the study was to identify clinical characteristics and provide an analysis of the outcomes in pediatric AML-pCT. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 40 children with AML-pCT, treated from 2005 to 2020 within the Polish Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma Study Group. The most common primary malignancies were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (32.5%) and brain tumors (20%). The median latency period was 2.9 years (range: 0.7–12.9). Probabilities of overall (OS), event-free (EFS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) in the whole cohort were 0.49 ± 0.08, 0.43 ± 0.08, and 0.64 ± 0.10, respectively. Significant improvements in outcomes were observed in patients treated from 2015–2022 (two induction cycles followed by stem cell transplantation—SCT in 69% of patients) compared to 2005–2014 (four induction cycles followed by SCT in 49% of patients). The probability of EFS increased from 0.30 ± 0.10 to 0.67 ± 0.12 (p = 0.07) and RFS increased from 0.46 ± 0.11 to 1.0 (p = 0.01). The poorest outcome (OS and EFS 0.25 ± 0.20) was in AML post brain tumor, mainly due to deaths from toxicities. To conclude, treatment results achieved in patients with AML-pCT treated from 2015–2022, with two induction cycles followed by immediate SCT, were better than those reported by other authors, and comparable to the results in de novo AML.

Anaemia is a common manifestation in paediatric patients. The most common cause of anaemia is iron deficiency. In differential diagnosis not only the most common diseases resulting in haemoglobin decrease should be considered, but also those less common. In an outpatient care physician's practice, interview, physical examination and routine periodic preventative examinations play a very important role. They make it possible to detect chronic diseases, including congenital metabolic diseases. These include osteopetrosis, which manifests with impaired haematopoiesis. Osteopetrosis also causes stunted growth, bone deformation and neurological disorders. We present the case of a boy with diagnosed osteopetrosis, in whom anaemia was the first manifestation of the disease.

Introduction and Objective. The study describes the clinical characteristics of two patients who underwent endoscopic removal of a foreign body from the GI tract. Thea in was comparative analysis of endoscopy and other methods of treatment. Materials and method. The cases of two patients who presented to the ED with complaints related to the swallowing of foreign bodies (dentures) were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnostic methods, treatment, risk factors and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Conclusions. In most cases, endoscopy is an effective method of foreign body removal; however, some patients may require other treatment (eg. patients with risk factors or location/position of foreign body that cannot be treated by endoscopy). Endoscopy is also safe, available and a relatively quick procedure.