We conducted a review to collect the validated basketball-specific physical field tests and to provide practical advice for their appropriate selection and application. A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed via three electronic databases (PubMed, GoogleScholar, and SportDiscuss). Results of 93 studies provided recommendations for seven test packages and eighteen individual tests that have already been validated for basketball players. Although there is a lack of standardized, widely, and systematically used test protocols for testing the fitness levels of basketball players, standardized, normative data from NBA Combine Testing and other basketball-specific tests have the potential to help coaches compare their players with elite basketball players. Our review indicated that agility and reactive agility are fundamental skills in basketball; however, linear sprinting ability should not be considered a determining factor of success for basketball players. Finally, the countermovement jump test can help experts monitor fatigue, loss of explosive force, and interlimb asymmetries. In general, we found that identifying and developing a talented player is a complex task and requires experts from different fields, including trainers, coaches, performance- and movement analyzers, and physiotherapists. We found that during the testing of basketball players, experts always have to normalize their data with anthropometric measures for valid results. Most importantly, although experts always need to define an aim of testing and should follow the protocol of the chosen test, they also have to be open to making adjustments if the actual circumstances require it.
Basketball is one of the most popular team sports in the world. A wide variety of athletic skills can be valuable indicators of a talented player. Testing these skills help trainers and scouts to make the best decisions during both youth and adult player selection of different competitive levels and field positions. However, scientific data regarding the association between field tests results and match statistics is sparse. We conducted a systematic review to logically summarize the physical field tests of athletic abilities and anthropometric measures used in basketball in different player positions at different levels, and to determine whether test results may correlate with match statistics. A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed via three electronic databases (PubMed, GoogleScholar, SportDiscus). The CASP checklist was used for checking the quality of reporting for all included articles. Based on 39 studies, it could be supported that the agility, speed and jumping test values seem to be crucial measures for basketball players. Anthropometry appeared to be the strongest discriminative factor between basketball positions, therefore, these values need to be significantly considered during selection. Moreover, the maturity status is also an important influencing factor for U-18 teams. In general, we found that successful players can be identified by their nonplanned agility and reactive power, considering that these factors affect match outcomes the most at the same competitive level.
Background The prone plank test has been often used to assess the strength and endurance of trunk muscles. We aimed to develop a new measurement protocol to objectively monitor the changes in spinal curves and muscle activity simultaneously. Methods Eleven adolescent male basketball athletes (13–17 years) performed a one-minute plank test. Spinal curvatures (thoracic kyphosis (TK) and lumbar lordosis (LL)) were determined at each time point by optical tracking of markers placed on the spinous processes of 10 vertebrae. Eleven muscles were measured by surface electromyography to determine muscle fatigue via changes in median frequency. Results TK significantly increased (p = 0.003) from the first to the last 10 s of the plank test; changes in LL were mixed within the group. Only the rectus abdominis showed consistent and significant fatigue (p < 0.001). The increased spinal curves significantly correlated with the fatigue of biceps femoris (TK: r = -0.75, p = 0.012; LL: r = -0.71, p = 0.019) indicating a compensatory muscle activation and spinal curve changes in response to fatigue. Conclusion Our protocol may support future researches that aim to objectively evaluate the prone plank test and which posture-related muscles need strengthening for the individual.
A mindennapi és a sportéletben egyaránt fontos a törzsizmok és más testtartásért felelős izmok megerősítése és egyensúlyának biztosítása. A testtartás izmainak tesztelésére jól alkalmazható a plank-teszt, mely a fekvőtámaszhoz hasonló, csak hajlított alkartámaszban kezdődik és ennek a helyzetnek az egy percig történő megtartása. Előnye, hogy könnyen elvégezhető és nem igényel eszközt, ugyanakkor a teszt kiértékelése leggyakrabban csak szubjektíven, szemrevételezéssel történik. Ezért kialakítottunk egy új mérési protokollt a gerinc alakjának és az izomaktivitás változásának egyidőben való követésére. A protokoll tesztelésére 11 fiú kosárlabdázó (13-17 év) részvételével végeztünk méréseket; a feladat egy percig tartó plank-teszt volt. A gerinc alakját tövisnyúlványokra helyezett jelölők optikai követésével állapítottuk meg, melyből a gerincgörbületi szögek (kyphosis és lordosis) számíthatók minden időpontra. Felületi elektromiográfiával mértük 11 izom aktivitását; a medián frekvencia csökkenésének számításá- val megállapítottuk az izomfáradás mértékét. A gerincszögek változása a gyakorlat első és utolsó 10 másodperce között minden esetben a kyphosis (jellemzően nagymértékű) növekedését mutatta; a lordosis vagy kismértékben csökkent, vagy nagymértékben nőtt. Ez azt mutatja, hogy a plank-teszt során az egyes résztvevők különböző módokon fáradnak el, melyek indikálhatják különböző stabilizáló izmok gyengeségét. Az EMG medián frekvenciája a gyakorlat során jellemzően vagy közel állandó, vagy egyenletesen csökkenő volt a vizsgált izmokban (szignifikánsan fáradt a m. gluteus maximus, az erector spinae iliocostalis, a rectus abdominis longus és az obliquus externus abdominis), ám néhány izom mutatott hullámzó aktivitást is. Szignifikáns korrelációt a m. rectus femoris fáradása és a gerincgörbületek növekedése között találtunk. További kutatási lehetőséget ad a protokoll elvégzése homogén életkorú, különböző sportot űző csoportok részvételével.
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