Digital transformation of education and science puts forward new requirements for training of graduate and doctoral students, in particular for development of informational and analytical competence. It is described in international documents governing scientific field. Analysis of digital systems and consideration of their services allows us to say that their existing list and functionality can be used to develop informational and research competence of postgraduate and doctoral students. It is confirmed that important role in development of informational and research competencies of postgraduate and doctoral students is given to digital technologies, in particular, to digital open systems. Their use contributes to improving and expanding opportunities in research, presentation of research results and image of the researcher and institution. Digital society requirements to informational and research competence of postgraduate and doctoral students are defined and described. They include: readiness and ability to carry out research activities; ability to search and select necessary information and data, their transformation, storage and transmission using digital technologies; ability to critically evaluate found information (check their accuracy, timeliness, expediency); ability to perform scientific research (organization, planning, conducting) with use of digital technologies. Course of experimental work is presented; the obtained results are given and their interpretation is carried out. Fisher's angular transformation was applied in order to confirm reliability of obtained results of experimental study. Experimental verification of the proposed methodological system of using digital systems in postgraduate and doctoral students training, aimed at the development of information and research competence confirmed its effectiveness and pedagogical feasibility.

The paper states that various emergencies may occur at nuclear power plants under different negative conditions. Such emergencies pose a significant risk for the natural environment, health of personnel and the public of the adjacent territories. There are examples of the major accidents at NPPs worldwide, which lead to serious radiation contamination of the environment. It is noted that one of the main tasks of the Energoatom in the sphere of emergency preparedness and civil defense in the nearest future is to improve the systems and equipment, engineering, software and hardware support of the emergency preparedness and response system dealing with NPP emergencies. The improvement of this system requires the knowledge of causation chains of emergency progression in specific conditions. Therefore, the paper is devoted to the in-depth analysis of possible causes of different emergencies at NPPs that will allow the development of new and more efficient approaches and methods of their prevention. There is a definition of emergencies and their main types. The researchers analyzed a number of references on the studies in civil defense of radiation hazardous facilities and presented that despite the implementation of technologies and automated NPP monitoring systems, the threat of potentially hazardous situations remains relevant. Besides, the most significant are the emergencies that cause radioactive and chemical contamination of the environment. The paper provides the dynamics of emergencies in Ukraine and experience of applying the IAEA Unified System for Information Exchange in Incidents and Emergencies (USIE). It describes the main operational events at Ukrainian NPPs in 2017 and presents the distribution of operational events at Ukrainian and Russian NPPs. There are safety factors considering national regulatory documents and IAEA recommendations to assess the current safety level of NPP unit and the main causes of emergencies on NPP sites. The example of SUNPP-2 shows the quantitative characteristics of internal and external impacts on its safety. Provides an example of the system for prevention and mitigation of emergencies at Ukrainian NPPs, as well as lists its main tasks.

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Analysis of informational provision level of complex environmental monitoring system in surveillance zones of Ukrainian NPPs was carried out. It was established that different subsystems are used for solution of monitoring tasks. The systems are separated, heterogeneous, hardware-software incompatible, and aimed at observation and state assessment of specific components of the environment and natural resources. Such situation is not in compliance with the up-to-date European requirements and standards for environmental monitoring information systems in areas of influence of man-made facilities. It is demonstrated that solution of this problem is possible by developing an information and analytical expert system for evaluation of NPP environmental impact on the environment (EcoIES). The main tasks that will be solved by EcoIES and its specific functions during emergencies or corresponding emergency exercises were described. The main requirements for the system are consistency, openness, standardization and adaptation. Specific requirements are the completeness and hierarchy of information, comprehensive integration and rational use, semantic unity, compatibility of system components, integrated security. Three options of conceptual approaches to creation of EcoIES have been developed, each of which is characterized by its structure, level of hardware-software provision and organization of information exchange. The option, which to major extent is in compliance with the European requirements has been substantiated, and which allows to fully solve radiation and environmental safety tasks, as well as civil protection of population, territories and the environment in the surveillance zones of Ukrainian NPPs. Therefore, this approach is recommended for further practical implementation at NPPs in Ukraine. The basic scheme of structural organization and interconnections between the EcoIES and other subjects of environmental monitoring that are part of the State environmental monitoring system has been developed.

The study proves relevance of specialized software use to solve problems of emergencies prevention of radioactive liquids spills to teach students and graduate students. Main assessment criteria of accidents at radiation-hazardous objects associated with radioactive liquids spillage is identified. A model of radioactive substances transport in emergency rooms is developed. It takes into account physical features of radioactive liquid spill from the source, air pollution during transition of radioactive liquid from the spill surface into the air and subsequent scattering in the emergency room under influence of local air flows. It is determined that the existing software tools for radiation exposure assessment do not comprehensively cover features of such events and possess number of shortcomings regarding accidents modeling with spillage of radioactive liquids indoors. Computer modeling and forecasting examples for hypothetical event related to liquid radioactive spill in the JRODOS system are presented. The training process of future specialists, specialties 183 “Environmental Protection Technologies”, 143 “Nuclear Energy”, 103 “Earth Sciences”, and 122 “Computer Science” should be based on application of powerful scientific and methodological training base using modern achievements in the field of digital technologies. It is advisable to supplement curricula for students` and postgraduate students’ preparation in the mentioned above specialties by studying issues related to: development of mathematical models and software for solving problems of emergencies prevention in case of radioactive liquids spills; usage of features of specialized decision software of emergencies prevention during spills of radioactive liquids.