Background: Pneumonia is a common complication of hospitalisation in severely ill patients who need mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium programme for the surveillance of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Methods: A prospective study (1 Jan 2012−30 June 2014) was conducted in the 20-bed ICU. The device utilisation ratios for lung ventilation and the frequency (density and incidence) and aetiology of VAP were estimated in ICU patients. Results: From a total of 1097 patients, VAP infections were diagnosed in 93. Thirty percent of patients with VAP died. The incidence index was 8.47 per 100 admissions to the ICU. VAP infections accounted for 46% of the overall count of device-associated healthcare-associated infections. Mechanical ventilation was used in 71 ± 8 patients during the 11 862 patient days and 8425 ventilation days. The rate of VAP per 1000 ventilator days was 11.15/9.34/10.23 in years 2012/2013/2014 (half a year), respectively. The main VAP pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii (45%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17%). Conclusion: During the reported time span, the incidence of VAP was lower than in the INICC report (2007−2012), but it was tenfold higher than in the NHSN/CDC report (dated 2012). Because of the unchanged VAP level during the 2.5-year observation period, the root cause needs to be determined and action should be taken to resolve this issue.
buffer capacity of the kidney is exceeded. 2 We suggest that in aPLA2R-negative patients PLA2R-related disease must be excluded either by staining of PLA2R in kidney biopsies or by renewed evaluation of serum after 6-month follow-up. 1. Debiec H, Ronco P. PLA2R autoantibodies and PLA2R glomerular deposits in membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 689-690. 2. Fresquet M, Jowitt TA, Gummadova J et al. Identification of a major epitope recognized by PLA2R autoantibodies in primary membranous nephropathy.
Introduction. Heart transplantation remains the only radical treatment for end-stage heart failure (HF). Liver and / or renal dysfunction is common in patients with HF, which is also exacerbated by the use of artificial circulation and immunosuppressive therapy, and leads to postoperative complications and mortality. Case description. Patient P., 49 years old, after orthotopic heart transplantation was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with signs of multiple organ failure. Graft rejection syndrome was suspected, but was not confirmed after the detailed clinical and laboratory examinations and according to the myocardial biopsy. Because of severe renal and hepatic insufficiency, patient at the ICU started to receive hemodiaultrafiltration with a flow of 190 ml/min; ultrafiltration – 100 ml/h. The condition, that developed was due to the direct effect of tacrolimus as the patient had a critically high plasma concentration of this drug (> 30 ng / ml) after the standard recommended postoperative dose (0.2 mg / kg per day). According to the literature, the elimination of the tacrolimus is provided by the liver, with microsomal cytochrome P450 3A4. Thus, the patient most likely had a failure of hepatic metabolism. Conclusion: Because of the systemic toxicity of tacrolimus, it is important to monitor its concentration after the first dose. Diagnosis of metabolic disorders at an early stage will prevent further systemic toxicity of tacrolimus. Efferent methods at ICU are the important tools for the correction of hepatic and renal insufficiency throughout toxic effects of tacrolimus.
Lisowska D, Smoleń E, Ścieranka M, Mazur A, Budzińska K. Wybrane zagadnienia związane z transplantacją w opinii studentów z uwzględnieniem czynników socjodemograficznych. Streszczenie Wprowadzenie. Transplantologia to jedna z najmłodszych, aczkolwiek najszybciej rozwijających się, gałęzi medycyny, powszechnie stosowana technika leczenia, dająca szansę na powrót do zdrowia. Cel pracy. Określenie wiedzy studentów na temat wybranych zagadnień związanych z transplantacją z uwzględnieniem czynników socjodemograficznych. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w 2017 roku wśród 355 studentów Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej w Sanoku. Zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego i technikę ankiety. Posłużono się autorskim kwestionariuszem ankiety. Uzyskane wyniki z zastosowaniem testów V-Cramera i chi-kwadrat. Przyjęto poziom istotności statystycznej p<0,05. Wyniki. W opinii niemal połowy studentów transplantacja najczęściej określana była jako metoda terapii, gdy inne nie dają poprawy. Zdecydowana większość uznała przeszczepianie narządów za metodę leczenia niewydolności narządów. Najczęściej przeszczepianymi narządami i tkankami wg ankietowanych były nerka, szpik kostny, a najrzadziej trzustka. Czynnikiem decydującym o braku zgody na przeszczep była pobieżna wiedza społeczeństwa na temat dawstwa komórek, tkanek i narządów od dawców żywych i zmarłych. Wnioski. Wiedza studentów na temat transplantologii oraz przeszczepianych narządów była na dość niskim poziomie. Czynnikiem socjodemograficznym wpływającym na jej poziom był profil studiów. Znajomość zagadnień związanych z transplantacją przekłada się na postawę wobec dawstwa narządów, dlatego należy propagować wiedzę w tym zakresie, celem większej popularyzacji wiedzy z zakresu transplantacji. To właśnie ograniczona wiedza społeczeństwa na temat dawstwa zdaniem studentów jest czynnikiem determinującym brak zgody na pobranie narządów do przeszczepu. Słowa kluczowe transplantacja, metoda leczenia, czynniki, narządy, wiedza, studenci Adres do korespondencji: Ewa Smoleń, Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa im. Jana Grodka w Sanoku, AbstractIntroduction. Transplantation is one of the youngest but fastest-growing branches of medicine, a commonly used treatment technique providing a chance for recovery. Objective. Identification of knowledge about selected transplant issues in the opinions of students, taking into account socio-demographic factors. Materials and method. The study was conducted in 2017 among 355 students of Jan Grodek State Higher Vocational School in Sanok by the method of a diagnostic survey, and a survey technique using an author-constructed questionnaire. The results obtained were analyzed using Cramer V and chi-square tests. The p values p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. In the opinion of almost half of the students, transplantation was most often referred to as the last chance when other treatments had failed. The overwhelming majority considered organ transplantation as a life-saving method. According to the respondents' opinions,...
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