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This paper addresses the under-researched issue of migrant domestic work in post-Soviet space. There is an emerging trend of increase in the female share of migrants coming to Russia and Kazakhstan from Central Asia republics. The growing demand for domestic work could be an explanation of the feminization of migration in the region. Using the data of the research project conducted in 2013 in Russia and Kazakhstan, this paper investigates conditions of employment of female migrants in the domestic sector. We find that domestic sector work in the post-Soviet space is rather prestigious and well-paid, while at the same time, highly informal relationships and employment arrangements in this sector seem to satisfy both employers and workers. These findings highlight regional peculiarities of migrant domestic sector work and are important to better understand the feminization of migration within post-Soviet space.

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Headache is the most frequent neurological symptom and the most common manifestation of pain in childhood.The objective of this article is to determine the monthly variation of emergency department (ED) visits for pediatric headache.We hypothesized youth have increased headache-related ED visits in the months associated with school attendance. MethodsUsing a Tashkent representative sample of ED visits in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from September 2009 to April 2014, we estimated number of visits associated with ICD-9 codes related to headache, migraine, status migrainosus, or tension-type headache in 5-to 18-year-olds. Age-stratified multivariate models are presented for month of visit . ResultsThere was a national estimate 3300 ED visits annually related to headache (2.1% of total visits) in 5-to 18-yearolds. In 5-to 11-year-olds, the adjusted rate of headacherelated visits was lower in March (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.20, 0.88). In 12-to 18-year-olds, there were higher rates in January (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.16, 3.14) and September (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.06, 2.55). ConclusionsIn adolescents we found higher ED utilization in January and September, the same months associated with school return from vacation for a majority of children nationally. No significant reduction in the summer suggests that school itself is not the issue, but rather changes in daily lifestyle and transitions.No conflict of interest.