Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida are parasitic root cyst nematodes of potato (PCN), which significantly reduce yield and quality. The genetics and available molecular markers should make resistance to nematodes an excellent candidate for marker assisted selection. The study presents results of testing the suitability of known molecular markers for detection of resistance in a set of cultivars. We revealed some inconsistencies in genealogical data of the cultivars and showed inconsistent usefulness in detecting resistant cultivars. The marker TG689 was identified in almost all cultivars resistant to G. rostochiensis and together with other markers was used for verifying the resistance in a group of breeding lines. The marker TG689 was the most effective. However, the efficiency of tested markers in selecting resistant individuals might be inadequate. In the case of quantitative resistance to G. pallida, marker SPUD1636 was found in resistant cultivars, and not in susceptible cultivars, but turned out to be inefficient in selecting resistant breeding lines.Resumen Globodera rostochiensis y Globodera pallida son nematodos de quiste parásitos de la raíz de la papa (PCN) que reducen significativamente el rendimiento y la calidad. La genética y los marcadores moleculares disponibles, deberían de hacer de la resistencia a nematodos un excelente candidato para selección asistida con marcadores. El estudio presenta resultados de probar lo deseable de los marcadores moleculares conocidos para la detección de resistencia en un grupo de variedades. Revelamos algunas inconsistencias en datos genealógicos de las variedades y mostramos uso inconsistente en la detección de variedades resistentes. El marcador TG689 se identificó en casi todas las variedades resistentes a G. rostochiensis y junto con otros marcadores se usó para verificar la resistencia en un grupo de líneas de mejoramiento. El marcador TG689 fue el más efectivo. No obstante, podría ser inadecuada la eficiencia de los marcadores probados en la selección de individuos resistentes. En el caso de resistencia cuantitativa a G. pallida, se encontró el marcador SPUD1636 en variedades resistentes y no en los susceptibles, pero resultó ser ineficiente en la selección de líneas de mejoramiento resistentes.

The possibility of combining novel monitoring techniques and precision spraying for crop protection in the future is discussed. A generic model for an innovative crop protection system has been used as a framework. This system will be able to monitor the entire cropping system and identify the presence of relevant pests, diseases and weeds online, and will be location specific. The system will offer prevention, monitoring, interpretation and action which will be performed in a continuous way. The monitoring is divided into several parts. Planting material, seeds and soil should be monitored for prevention purposes before the growing period to avoid, for example, the introduction of disease into the field and to ensure optimal growth conditions. Data from previous growing seasons, such as the location of weeds and previous diseases, should also be included. During the growing season, the crop will be monitored at a macroscale level until a location that needs special attention is identified. If relevant, this area will be monitored more intensively at a microscale level. A decision engine will analyse the data and offer advice on how to control the detected diseases, pests and weeds, using precision spray techniques or alternative measures. The goal is to provide tools that are able to produce high-quality products with the minimal use of conventional plant protection products. This review describes the technologies that can be used or that need further development in order to achieve this goal.

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Milczarek D., Przetakiewicz A., Kamiński P., Flis B. (2014): Early selection of potato clones with the H1 resistance gene -the relation of nematode resistance to quality characteristics. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 50: 278-284.Breeding a new potato cultivar is a long-term process ending with a few elite individuals from initially large populations. Screening for resistance in the seedling and first clonal generations is a cost-effective and efficient way to reduce the time needed to create a new variety. Unlike the phenotypic assessment of resistance to nematodes, marker-assisted selection (MAS) can be applied at early stages of selection. The frequent question among breeders is about the impact of early selection for resistance on the agronomic value of finally selected resistant progeny. The study presents a relationship between the presence of markers TG689 and 57R and some agricultural traits in field grown seedlings and three successive vegetative generations. Both markers are linked to H1 gene, which confers resistance to the golden cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. Clones with these markers had higher total tuber and starch yield than those without the markers. A negative relationship between marker presence and quality was not observed.