Perturbations to nutrition during critical periods are associated with changes in embryonic, fetal or postnatal developmental patterns that may render the offspring more likely to develop cardiovascular disease in later life. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether autonomic nervous system imbalance underpins in the long-term hypertension induced by dietary protein restriction during peri-pubertal period. Male Wistar rats were assigned to groups fed with a low protein (4% protein, LP) or control diet (20.5% protein; NP) during peri-puberty, from post-natal day (PN) 30 until PN60, and then all were returned to a normal protein diet until evaluation of cardiovascular and autonomic function at PN120. LP rats showed long-term increased mean arterial pressure (p = 0.002) and sympathetic arousal; increased power of the low frequency (LF) band of the arterial pressure spectral (p = 0.080) compared with NP animals. The depressor response to the ganglion blocker hexamethonium was increased in LP compared with control animals (p = 0.006). Pulse interval variability showed an increase in the LF band and LF/HF ratio (p = 0.062 and p = 0.048) in LP animals. The cardiac response to atenolol and/or methylatropine and the baroreflex sensitivity were similar between groups. LP animals showed ventricular hypertrophy (p = 0.044) and increased interstitial fibrosis (p = 0.028) compared with controls. Reduced protein carbonyls (PC) (p = 0.030) and catalase activity (p = 0.001) were observed in hearts from LP animals compared with control. In the brainstem, the levels of PC (p = 0.002) and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase (p = 0.044 and p = 0.012) were reduced in LP animals, while the levels of GSH and total glutathione were higher (p = 0.039 and p = 0.038) compared with NP animals. Protein restriction during peri-pubertal period leads to hypertension later in life accompanied by sustained sympathetic arousal, which may be associated with a disorganization of brain and cardiac redox state and structural cardiac alteration.

No abstract

No ano de 2016 foi registrado a pior taxa de imunização dos últimos dozes anos; 84% no total, contra meta de 95% recomentada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, que contribui para o aumento da mortalidade e o ressurgimento de doenças erradicas. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a produção científica com relação a assistência de enfermagem no processo de imunização. Esta é uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica, realizada com artigos encontrados nas bases de dados Biblioteca Eletrônica Cientifica Online (SCIELO) e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), publicados em português, no período de 2008 a 2018 com as seguintes palavras chaves: imunização, enfermagem e cuidados. Foram selecionados treze artigos e agrupados em duas categorias, a fim de facilitar a compreensão do tema. Os resultados mostram que a enfermagem é a profissão mais envolvida no processo de imunização, realizando o armazenamento e conservação dos imunobiológicos e orientando o paciente quanto aos efeitos adversos. Sendo responsabilidade do enfermeiro orientar, avaliar e capacitar a equipe para que o processo de imunização se torne claro e aceitável ao paciente. O processo de vacinação é essencial para o desenvolvimento da humanidade, tornando de suma importância a execução correta do papel do enfermeiro, de forma, que o mesmo precisa possuir o embasamento técnicocientifico para a realização dessa assistência com qualidade.

No abstract

Exercise counteracts obesity effects, but information on how early-life obesity may affect long-term adaptation to exercise is lacking. This study investigates the impact of early-life postnatal overfeeding (PO) on animals’ adaptation to exercise. Only male Wistar rats were used. On postnatal day (PN) 30, rats from control (NL-9 pups) or PO (SL-3 pups) litters were separated into four groups: NL-sedentary (NL-Se), NL-exercised (NL-Ex), SL-sedentary (SL-Se), and SL-exercised (SL-Ex). Exercised groups performed moderate-intensity exercise, running on a treadmill, from PN30 to PN90. Further experiments were carried out between PN90 and PN92. PO promoted obesity in SL versus NL rats (P < 0.05). Exercise reduced body weight (P < 0.001), body fat (P < 0.01), and improved glucose homeostasis in SL-Ex versus SL-Se. SL-Ex presented lower VO2max (P < 0.01) and higher post-exercise LDH (P < 0.05) compared to NL-Ex rats. Although moderate exercise counteracted obesity in SL rats, early-life overnutrition restricts fitness gains in adulthood, indicating that early obesity may impair animals’ adaptation to exercise.