In the conditions of high dynamics of digitalization of all spheres of public life, the active use of blended and hybrid learning in educational practice is of particular importance. These phenomena have been introduced into the Russian education system relatively recently, which requires their careful consideration and detailed analysis. In the course of the study, the author of the article found that in the conditions of Russian pedagogical practice today there is no common understanding of the term “blended learning”, as there is no specifics in the differentiation of blended and hybrid learning, which gives rise to frequent substitution of concepts and the lack of detailing the difference in these phenomena. At the same time, the analysis showed that blended and hybrid learning are, although similar, but still not identical processes. In particular, hybrid learning involves the priority use of online formats, as well as the parallel, rather than sequential, implementation of innovative digital and traditional educational technologies, so that the difference between online participants and face-to-face participants is practically erased. The study also revealed the advantages, disadvantages and main problems in the implementation of blended and hybrid learning in Russia; emphasis is placed on the transformation of the teacher’s functions in the context of the transition to mixed forms. In particular, it has been established that it is not teaching that becomes the dominant function, but the organization and management of the pedagogical process, its methodological support using the synthesis of various educational technologies, advising students at all stages of mastering educational programs.

The problem of identity formation is, of course, important for every individual. The process of constructing an identification basis is influenced by many factors, among which the main ones are belonging to an ethnic group, state, religion, culture. The article deals with the problem of understanding and formation of modern Russian identity. The author argues that its basis is a constructive synthesis of ethnic and national elements, since the former are dictated by a common origin, territory of residence, language, culture, and the latter, in turn, go back to statehood and citizenship, and are also conditioned by a single value-semantic and legal field. The author pays special attention to the consideration of Russian identity in a civilizational aspect, pointing out that the identification basis for Russian citizens is the spiritual and moral values inherent in the Russian people in their multicultural totality, namely collectivism, catholicity, mutual assistance, mutual assistance, a sense of civic solidarity. At the same time, a special specific feature of the Russian identity, according to the author, is also the belief in the absolute social organizing principle of the state, which explains the inclination of citizens to put, first of all, the administrative decisions of the authorities at the forefront.

Issues of identity formation affect the essential foundations of human being in the world. The identification processes carried out by a person allow him/her to self-determine in society, to understand his/her own place in the structure of social relations and the purpose of his/her life. To date, science has no unambiguous understanding of the essence of identification. In this regard, this article is aimed at identifying the bases and factors of the processes of identification. In this study, the author mainly used a naturalistic approach to the understanding of the processes of identification, since it offers the basis for identification to consider the individual need of a person for self-determination. Based on the methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, generalization and abstraction, the basic concepts on the problem of identification were compared, the general and the specific in the points of view of various authors were identified, which contributed to a more thorough and detailed study of the phenomenon of identification. Identification is a process of interaction with the external, mainly social environment, during which a person identifies with objects and phenomena of the external world. The basis of identification, as shown by the study of most of the concepts available in science, is the human need for self-recognition. It is this need that initiates the process itself. However, in the course of identification, the sociocultural context plays a crucial role, in which a person recognizes oneself in others by searching for common foundations of being. In turn, selfidentification allows comparing the components of oneself with each other via thought communication. In unity, the processes of identification and self-identification form the identity of a person, both to oneself and to society. Identity initiates behavioral manifestations. In itself, it is unstable, since it is influenced by the external social environment. Identification can occur both for several reasons, and for many. Moreover, the sense of identity can be both actual, based on the analysis of the qualities of objects of the external world and their comparison with their own characteristics, and fictitious, formed as a result of inspiring the individual to be convinced of similarity. In the latter case, we are talking about manipulation. Identity is a prerequisite for the successful socialization of an individual, as it allows not only identifying identity with society, but also realizing its integrity and isolation from it. All this allows a person to function and develop harmoniously. The materials of the article are of practical value, since they can be used as a theoretical and methodological basis for the further development of the problem of personal identification in the framework of sociophilosophical or wider humanitarian research.

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