The spatially localized firing of hippocampal place cells is thought to underlie the navigational function of the hippocampus. Performance on a spatial task learned using a particular place cell map should therefore deteriorate if the map is disrupted. To test this prediction, we trained rats on a hippocampal-dependent spatial task in a black box and tested them in a white box. Although the change from black to white induced remapping of most place cells, navigational performance remained essentially intact. Furthermore, place cell activity was also unrelated to specific aspects of the task such as tone onset, response, or goal location. Together, these results imply that the spatial information needed to solve this navigation task is represented outside the hippocampus and suggest that the place cells encode some other aspect, such as the spatial context.

This small-scale study provides an insight into African-Caribbean stroke carers' own perspectives. These have much in common with those of other ethnicities, but also exhibit important areas of difference. Several themes indicate issues with existing service provision. Stereotypical assumptions about informal stroke carers based on ethnicity appear to be unwarranted; there is diversity within ethnic groups. Individual contexts of ethnicity, culture and religious beliefs shape expectations and perceptions. Several themes signpost service attributes that are perceived as relevant to acceptability by African-Caribbean stroke carers. Recruitment challenges could be addressed in future projects with ethnic minority carers by collaborative planning and the development of individual relationships with key informants.

This study aimed to evaluate and provide recommendations to improve the effectiveness of an age inclusive compassion-focused therapy (CFT) group in secondary mental health services for participants experiencing a range of mental health difficulties. Of particular interest was the acceptability and impact of having a wide range of ages in such a group. The study employed a mixed method design. Validated self-report questionnaires were administered before and after the group intervention, and qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with six group participants. There was a significant increase in ratings on the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), a significant decrease in the depression subscale within the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and a significant reduction in the risk subscale of the Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation (CORE). No significant differences were found on the overall scores and other subscales of the CORE and the DASS. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data identified four main themes: “Connection with others”, “Experience of a diverse age range”, “Group as a secure space” and “New strategies and tools”. This study provides preliminary evidence that an age inclusive CFT group is well received and has a beneficial impact for participants, with particular positivity gained through compassionately connecting with others. The range of ages was appreciated and appeared to have therapeutic benefits, although awareness of differing age-related needs is important. Limitations, recommendations for improvement and future research are discussed.