CRISPR/Cas, one of the most rapidly developing technologies in the world, has been applied successfully in plant science. To test new nucleases, gRNA expression systems and other inventions in this field, several plant genes with visible phenotypic effects have been constantly used as targets. Anthocyanin pigmentation is one of the most easily identified traits, that does not require any additional treatment. It is also associated with stress resistance, therefore plants with edited anthocyanin genes might be of interest for agriculture. Phenotypic effect of CRISPR/Cas editing of PAP1 and its homologs, DFR, F3H and F3′H genes have been confirmed in several distinct plant species. DFR appears to be a key structural gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis, controlled by various transcription factors. There are still many promising potential model genes that have not been edited yet. Some of them, such as Delila, MYB60, HAT1, UGT79B2, UGT79B3 and miR156, have been shown to regulate drought tolerance in addition to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Genes, also involved in trichome development, such as TTG1, GLABRA2, MYBL2 and CPC, can provide increased visibility. In this review successful events of CRISPR/Cas editing of anthocyanin genes are summarized, and new model genes are proposed. It can be useful for molecular biologists and genetic engineers, crop scientists, plant genetics and physiologists.

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Today, clustering is one of the key areas for the development of a new economy focused on innovative and social development. Since 2009, the cluster approach has been one of the main tools for creating a strong regional economy for the Kaluga region. But it is not immediately possible to understand what a cluster is and what can be called that word. The article discusses the concept of “cluster” from various points of view, forms common features inherent in the cluster and reveals whether the auto industry of the Kaluga Region is suitable for these conditions. In continuation of the topic, the article examines the current state of the automotive segment of the Kaluga Region, identifies priority areas for the development of the automotive industry, taking into account the possibilities of state support, and also touches on the possibility of digitalization of the segment as a key transformation of the economic model of the region and the country as a whole.

Anthocyanin hyperaccumulation is an important agricultural trait, associated with resistance to abiotic stress, pests, phytopathogenic fungi and bacterial diseases. B. napus with increased anthocyanin pigmentation can be generated by genome editing. Many transcription factors of the MYB family are involved in stress response and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Genes AtMYB60, AtCPC and AtMYBL2 are negative regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, therefore the knockout of these genes can result in increased anthocyanin pigmentation. gRNA spacers were synthesized to target the orthologs of these genes, identified in Brassica napus. Resulting genetic constructs were introduced to the plant tissues by agroinfiltration. Transient expression of gRNAs targeting DNA-binding domains of MYB transcription factors along with Cas9 nuclease successfully promoted anthocyanin hyperaccumulation. These genetic constructs can be used for genome editing and production of new colored and stress tolerant varieties of oilseed rape.

Objective:50% of the RFA procedures in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH) are ineffective or have ambiguous results. The most significant challenge is to find differential diagnostic predictors of the RFA efficacy in these patients.Our purpose was to assess the MRI potential for efficacy prediction and real-world prospective control of the brain as a target organ in patients with RH during a course of treatment.Design and method: We studied 176 patients with RH (124 men and 51 women, aged 55.65 ± 8.99 years). All of them underwent an MRI brain scan before RFA, six months and one year after the procedure. The patients were divided into 2 groups: patients who had the average daytime BP drop by > 10 mmHg (Group 1) and patients whose BP decreased by < 10 mmHg or increased (Group 2). Using brain MRI, the CSF system measurements, including the linear measurements of the cerebral lateral ventricles and the external subarachnoid spaces in 6 regions (in the right and left frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes), sizes of the third and fourth ventricles, dimensions of intracerebral cisterns (quadrigeminal, prepontine, and chiasmatic), the presence of periventricular leukoaraiosis and focal changes in the brain were evaluated.Results:The methodology was based on a logistic regression model. fx180 If the p-value is< 0.5, the prognosis for the patient is “no effect’’; if the p-value is > 0.5, the prognosis is “a positive effect’’. The operating characteristics of the test on the training set amounted to 80.6% sensitivity, 85.4% specificity, and 83.3% diagnostic accuracy. The most significant brain MRI measures in hypertensive patients have been identified, which affect the RFA efficacy: the transverse dimensions of the quadrigeminal and prepontine cisterns and the fourth ventricle, the third ventricle width, the presence of lacunar infarcts, the presence of lacunae in II region—the area of the basal ganglia (thalamus, internal capsule), as well as age, DBP, and SBP.Conclusions: Quantitative indices are suitable for dynamic prospective assessment of the RFA efficacy in patients with TRH. Changes in MRI tomographic indices have prognostic significance.