Recently, hydrogels based on natural water-soluble polysaccharides have attracted more and more attention due to their favorable characteristics. The high water-holding capacity, lack of toxicity, and biodegradability of such hydrogels make it possible to develop new materials on their basis for biotechnological, biomedical, pharmacological, and medical purposes. Sodium alginate is a non-toxic natural polysaccharide found in marine algae. It is capable of forming solid gels under the action of polyvalent cations that cross-link polysaccharide chains. Alginate-based products are popular in many industries, including food processing, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications. Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, and natural polymer on Earth, and it is used for various industrial and biomedical applications. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is useful in pharmaceutical, food, and non-food industries such as tablets, ice cream, drinks, toothpaste, and detergents. In this review, various methods for the preparation of the compositions based on sodium alginate and CMC using different crosslinking agents have been collected for the first time. Additionally, the drug release profile from such polymer matrixes was analyzed.

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Analysis of the results of scientific research suggests that the authors used small volumes of the seed layer to study the effect of an electric field on the seeds. The electrical parameters of the seed layer in a small-sized activator allowed the authors to freely operate with a wide range of impact signals. When switching to the industrial level in the activator, a large volume of a layer of seeds is processed. The actual electrical parameters of the power source, activator, and seed layer limit the range of electrical parameters of possible effects. Therefore, for the industrial development of these electrical technologies, it is necessary to adjust the previously determined parameters of the seed treatment modes. The positive effect of the electric field on the seeds is due to the quantitatively dosed energy impact. However, the assessment of the impact on any one of the electrical parameters (electric field intensity, frequency, etc.) is insufficient. The cause is non-uniform processing of the seed layer. The rational thickness of the seed layer and its maximum compaction in the volume of the activator make it possible to create a uniform electric field strength of the required size and, as a result, an appropriate dose of exposure to increase the sowing qualities of the seeds. For the formation of electrical parameters and the description of the processes occurring in the activator in the presence of a moving seed layer, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors. One of the important factors is the structure of the seeds of plants. The structural and functional unit of a seed is a cell that has, in addition to its biological, chemical properties, a number of physical characteristics. The heterogeneity of the composite components of different seed mass determines its physical properties. These features are also taken into account when developing technological schemes for the operation of an activator with a moving layer.

One of the most characteristic features of modern theory and practice of production is a systematic approach used in considering a wide variety of economic and organizational problems. To a large extent, this relates to optimization problems and this is the reason why a number of authors single out the principle of optimization among the principles of the system approach. The article deals with the cost optimization for the reservation of labor resources and provides an algorithm for finding the costs of reservation.