KeywordsConcept of health and illness health-seeking behavior Indonesia pathway of seeking care social determinants of health traditional medicines utilization of health care A B S T R A C TThis review aims to locate existing studies on health-seeking behavior of people in Indonesia, identify gaps, and highlight important findings. Articles were retrieved from Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete (via Ebsco), and ProQuest with a number of key words and various combinations. Articles from Indonesian journals were also searched for with Google Scholar. A total of 56 articles from peer-reviewed journal databases and 19 articles from Indonesian journals were reviewed. Quantitative designs were applied more frequently than qualitative, and mixed methods designs were used in some studies. The majority gathered retrospective information about people's behaviors. Communicable diseases and maternity care were the most frequently studied conditions, in contrast to noncommunicable diseases. In terms of geographical distribution, most research was conducted on Java island, with very few in outside Java. Important findings are a model of Indonesian careseeking pathways, an understanding of determinants of people's care choices, and the role of sociocultural beliefs. The findings from this narrative review provide insight to what and how Indonesians make decisions to manage their illness and why. This makes an important contribution to understanding the problem of underutilization of medical services despite the government's extensive efforts to improve accessibility.

Nonadherence to medications is very common in people with schizophrenia. Numerous methods have been implemented to improve medication adherence. The study aimed to determine what interventions have been used and to assess the effectiveness of these in improving medication adherence in people with schizophrenia. Two electronic databases (PubMed and Science Direct) and a manual search were used to locate RCT studies that examined interventions in medication adherence for schizophrenia, published between 2011 and 2022. The search was conducted using the terms (schizophrenia OR schizophrenic) AND (interventions OR adherence therapy) AND (medication adherence OR medication compliance). Sixteen studies were included, and relevant data were extracted and selected. Sixteen studies used interventions that involve family, health professionals (psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, and pharmacists), SMS, and smart electronic reminders. Medication adherence was measured using medication refill records from hospital dispensing records or claim databases, electronic devices, plasma blood concentration, and participant self-reporting. Thirteen out of 15 studies showed significant improvements in adherence compared to routine care. The other three studies did not result in improved medication adherence. Interventions with diverse strategies delivered to individuals with schizophrenia showed the potential to reduce medication non-adherence in people with schizophrenia so that they can be utilized as an alternative to support treatment in people with schizophrenia in addition to antipsychotic medication. In future research strategies, it will be necessary to identify the main problems regarding nonadherence in people with schizophrenia individually and also identify the patient’s perception of medication, illness, and behavior when taking medication in order to determine the next intervention that will be appropriate based on the patient’s needs to improve adherence.

Background: Understanding perceptions and experiences of people with diabetes is important before establishing effective interventions. Previous research indicates that socio-cultural characteristics influence people's views about diabetes. Objective: This study aimed at understanding diabetes from the perspective of people with diabetes in the Indonesian cultural context. Methods: Six focus group discussions involving 45 people with diabetes were conducted in East Nusa Tenggara and West Sumatera. The discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim in their original language, translated into English, and analysed for common themes. Results: This study showed that participants tried to understand diabetes based on their personal experiences. They also saw the disease in a broader context of cultural identity and changes in their cultural environment. In coping with the disease, three strategies were identified: seeing it as beyond their control, normalising their condition, and resignation to God. People who used the first and second methods of coping tended to have a more negative response to diabetes treatment. People with strong religious beliefs coped more positively with diabetes. Conclusions: People with diabetes conceptualised the disease into their own narratives. These lay concepts influenced their strategies of coping and their behaviours in managing the disease. Understanding people's lay perceptions and experiences are important to develop personalised strategies of diabetes management that may influence people's responses to their disease and treatment.

Elderly medication adherence is a challenge in health care. The elderly are often at higher risk for non-adherence, and more likely to be on multiple prescription medications for many comorbidities. This systematic review aimed to explore the current strategies for maintaining older adults’ medication adherence with compensation and technology-mediated strategies. We conducted a systematic review to examine related articles published in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, as well as Google Scholar for additional reference sources by cross-reference review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to guide this review. A total of 217 articles were screened, and 27 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Older adults applied a variety of methods to maintain or enhance their medication adherence. Three studies indicated compensation strategies, 19 studies reported technological assistance, two studies used other strategies (community-offered help or caregivers help), and three studies used a combination of compensation with another strategy or technology. Studies identified various compensation- and technology-based strategies carried out by older adults to help remind them to take medication. This review identified potential benefits of technology and compensation strategy implementation in older adults to increase medication adherence. Although we are conscious of the heterogeneity of the included studies, it remains challenging to determine which elements underpin the most effective approaches.