In the present study an attempt has been made to estimate the responsiveness of prices and household expenditure on consumption of energy for cooking and lighting at household level in rural and urban areas of All India. Household level energy elasticities are estimated for the rural and urban areas with the help of dummy variable regression approach by using NSSO 66th quinnquenial rounds of unit level data.. The results reveal the fact that average expenditure recorded on energy for cooking and lighting in urban areas is higher than in rural areas at all India level. Majority of the households are using dirty fuel for cooking in rural areas while in urban areas clean fuel i.e. LPG is used for cooking. The expenditure on energy for cooking and lighting at household level is inelastic. The marginal budget share in rural and urban areas is the same. Result reveal the fact that hundred percent increase in prices of energy for cooking and lighting will increase the expenditure of households in rural region more than in urban region.
he planned economic development during the 40 years period (1950-91) has showed a mixed scenario. For example per annum growth in GDP during first fifteen years 1950-65 was found at 4 percent while during the period 1967-80 it declined marginally and stood at merely 3.45 percent per annum. However the decade of eighties which witnessed improvement in Agricultural sector, Mining & Manufacturing sector, Service sector and Export sector has resulted in 5.46 per cent per annum growth in the GDP. In this connection it is significant to observe that the overall growth in GDP during the period 1950 to 1991 was not very impressive due to constant pulls and pressures. In the early 1991, Indian economy faced several economic crises, like fiscal imbalances, mounting inflationary pressures and severe balance of payment crisis etc. The congress government, which assumed office at the end of June 1991, responded quickly to these problems. As a rescue measure, a series of new policy measures were announced in July 1991 by the government of India. These are also known as Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) of 1991.The major thrust of present paper is to evaluate the performance (for the period 1950 to 2006) as well as determinants (for the period 1975 to 2006) of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Indian economy.
The GDP per person in India doubled from US $ 260 in 1980 to US $ 538 in 2003. However, growth has not been evenly distributed among India’s various sectors, and the composition of GDP has changed. Agriculture used to be the leading sector, but its GDP share dropped from 57 per cent in 1950 to 22 per cent in 2002 and is estimated to 18.6 percent during 2006-2007. More than 65 per cent of India’s population is rural, and 58 per cent of the rural labour force works in agriculture. These people are mainly marginal farmers or small farmers that accounts for less than one third of the country’s total farming area. In India the diversities in economic and social development have different capacities of poverty reduction for a variety of reasons. In this study the standard of living index of a household has been classified by adding scores assigned to various items and the total score representing the SLI of the household. The Lorenz curve can be obtained if we have the value of SLI for each household of the population. Broadly the SLI of a household has been classified by adding scores assigned to various items and the total score representing the SLI of the household. Though the total score of SLI has been tabulated with the help of raw data, the exact score for SLI of a household can be computed.
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