Alternatives of vegetations to store carbon need to be encouraged considering that forests are threatened by widespread destructions. One such vegetation is grasslands which have the potential for carbon storage and to reduce CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. At present, many enterprises have designed grasslands for animal feed. Grassland at Little Farmers, Cisarua, West Bandung was established for many purposes, i.e. recreation, education, and animal feed. The purpose of this research was to study the potential of carbon stock in grassland vegetation at this location. Based on RaCSA method, the tree biomass was determined by nondestructive collection of density and basal area of trees, then calculated by an allometric equation. The ground cover biomass was determined by destructive collection of grass and roots. Total measured biomass was multiplied by 46% to obtain carbon storage. Based on the results, the potential of carbon stock in Little Farmers grassland is 6,506.23 kg/m2 with the potential for carbon storage below the ground (0.129 kg / m2) was slightly higher than the carbon stored above the ground  (0.101 kg / m2). Carbon stored in ground cover had been proven to be lower than woody plants (6,506 kg / m2). This study has pioneered in finding the carbon stocks potential of a man-made grassland, so it provides basis of an alternative land use that can be encouraged for carbon sequestration. For many enterprises, this study will aid in the conduct and management planning of grasslands with regards to ecosystem services preservation, such as carbon sequestration.

An extreme landscape is a spatially heterogeneous area with unusual topography that is prone to natural disasters but still exhibits interrelated structures and functions. One of the important functions of an extreme landscape is its ecological function. This study aimed to determine the structure and reveal the ecological functions of an extreme landscape in a tropical region of West Java, with special reference to Rongga Sub-district. The method used was a combination of remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems, which were required to process, analyze, and interpret Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS data. The landscape structure was quantified by landscape metrics, after which an analysis of ecological functions was carried out based on the constituent elements of the landscape. The results showed that the landscape structure of Rongga Sub-district consists of various elements of agroforestry land, open fields, settlements, shrubs, plantations, and rainfed and irrigated rice fields. Additionally, secondary forest land acted as a landscape matrix where rivers crossed as natural corridors. The amount of each element varied; agroforestry land had the highest value, indicating that this element showed a high degree of human intervention. Each patch was adjacent to other patch types, and the landscape diversity was quite high. The extreme topography of Rongga Sub-district supports the landscape connectivity and consequently the presence of wild animals in this area. Therefore, Rongga Sub-district has an essential ecological function as a refuge for protected animals living in non-conservation areas.

As one of complex socio-ecological systems, a coffee production system comprises dynamic interactions between social, economic, and ecological factors. This type of production system which is managed by smallhoder farmers not only provides economic gain, but also social equity and may has a potential to influence environmental quality. A study focused on identifying dynamics interaction between emerged drivers (economics, social quality, environmental quality, technology) and analyzing the polarity dominance of feedback process in order to find the most influental drivers in the adoption of sustainable production system has been carried out in smallholder coffee plantation in Pangalengan, Bandung, Indonesia. Within this approach, a qualitative system dynamics modelling namely causal loop diagram (CLD) were used as a system visualization tool. These analyses resulted insight into the behaviour that may cause a potentially grown or destructive (reinforcing loops), or conversely a stabilizing (balancing loop) behaviour. A polarity loop analysis found that each main driver may has a potential to influence the system to be grown or deteriorated due to its reinforcing loop dominance. The reinforcing feedbacks would tend to escalate the process and result in a sustainable state of the system. However, conversely this behaviour also would tend to declince the feedback process and result in an unsustainable state of the system. It indicates that instability of the process are most likely existed in the system. The most influental driver in this behaviour would be social quality, regarding its highest loop polarity differences. A management and intervention strategies are needed to prevent deterioration of the system, particularly with involving the social quality driver.

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Rancabuaya is one of the tourist destination located in Garut, West Java. The aim of this study was to collect information about diversity of neglected and underutilized plants and their potential as human foods, particularly in Caringin Village (Purbayani, Indralayang, Samudra Jaya and Cimahi village). The methods used in this research were direct observations (survey), semi-structured interviews, individual discussions, and key informant interviews. The survey was conducted on paddy fields, agroforestries, and homegardens. Neglected and underutilized crop species were identified by literature review from Arora (2014). Plants consisted of 133 species from 53 families. There were 97.0 % of total plants in Rancabuaya known as food crops. It consisted of 99species from 42 families of food crops in Rancabuaya. More than 64% of total food crops were included to NUCS. More than 74.5% oftotal crop species in Rancabuaya categorized as vegetables and fruit plant (52 species as NUCS). There were 2 species categorized as cereals (NUCS were not found), 5 species as legumes (2 NUCS), 5 species as tubers (3 NUCS), 34 species as vegetables (28 NUCS), 39 species as fruit plants (28 NUCS), 12 species as herbs (6 NUCS) and 2 species categorized as others (1 NUCS). Review of the literature available revealed that many of neglected crops are rich in nutrient, has a potential for further food development, and potential to be promoted in market. Unfortunately, insufficiency of promotion from national policy and the lack of development of organized market could be the main reasons of their negligence.