Introduction: Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a novel alarmin that warns immune cells of tissue destruction in injury or infection. Hence in this study we aim to compare the interleukin-3 among the healthy and aggressive periodontitis cases. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, biochemical, genetic study. We divided the groups to three as healthy group, chronic periodontitis patients, and generalized aggressive periodontitis patients. IL-33 concentration in GCF, as well as plasma, was quantified. Results: A significant difference was found in IL-33 concentration in GCF and plasma between the three groups. GG genotype of IL-33 SNP rs1157505 was associated with the highest GCF and plasma IL-33 concentration and was significantly more in GAgP than healthy or CP groups. IL-33 SNP rs7044343 did not show any such association. All GAgP patients had the highest GCF and plasma concentration of IL-33. Conclusions: IL-33 may be a potential inflammatory marker of periodontitis. GG genotype of SNP rs1157505 may be associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis.

The alveolar cleft is a bone-related developmental defect in the alveolar process of the maxillae, which is termed as cleft alveolus. The deformity occurs in 75% of the cleft palate and lip patients. Reconstructive surgery can provide both functional and esthetic benefits to such individuals. Conflicting opinions exist on the management of alveolar cleft, and these affect the treatment planning. We present the case of a 19-year-old female patient with a complaint of mobile teeth in the left frontal region of the upper jaw. On clinical examination, unilateral cleft alveolus was observed between the left lateral incisor and the canine region. A multidisciplinary approach was adopted, orthodontic treatment was started, and periodontal regenerative surgery was planned. This report also discusses the substitution of autogenous bone grafts with other materials such as allogenic grafts (demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft), platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin membranes, and amnion membranes, which could serve as a new line of treatment for the condition.

To evaluate the effectiveness of periodontal prophylaxis/ treatment in patients with chronic periodontitis already suffering from cardiovascular system (CVS) diseases. 500 Subjects with periodontal diseases (PD) were grouped according to treatment (dental prophylaxis, intensive treatment, and PD without treatment). The Incidence Rates (IRs) of CVS diseases during the 1-year follow-up period were compared among groups. Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, residential urbanicity, and comorbidities was used to evaluate the effect of PD treatment on the incidence of CVS diseases. The IR of CVS diseases among subjects without PD was 0.19%/year. Among those with PD, the IR of CVS diseases was lowest in the dental prophylaxis group (0.11%/year), followed by the intensive treatment (0.28%/year) and PD without treatment (0.31%/year; P<0.001) groups. Cox regression showed that the hazard ratio (HR) for CVS diseases was significantly lower in the dental prophylaxis group. PD is associated with a higher risk of CVS diseases, which can be reduced by dental prophylaxis to maintain periodontal health.

Platelet analogues (PA; platelet rich plasma and platelet rich fibrin) are autologous bioactive compounds that have a wide range of medical and dental applications, including periodontal, maxillofacial, Plastic surgery and sports medicine. The aim of these technologies is to collect all the constituents of a patient's blood sample so that they can be used to promote tissue regeneration and improve healing. Since 1954, PA has come a long way. Periodontology and implant dentistry have both benefited from the use of PAs. However, the non-standard preparation technique, processing time, transfer of concentrates, centrifugation temperature, vibration, etc. are all variables that contribute to the various results described in the literature. This study will retrace the evolution of PAs, their preparation procedures, their clinical and technological characteristics and their uses.