The aim of this study is to examine how reliable the results of the internet-based version of a reading test are, with a view to replacing paper tests with the online versions. This is of increasing importance as universities focus on improving efficiency and supporting SDGs by going paperless.The study was also suggested by the need to test reading comprehension of larger numbers of students across the university and deliver meaningful results on which to base intensive programs of instruction quickly. The Extensive Reading Foundation's online reading test and the (now discontinued) Edinburgh Project for Extensive Reading's placement test (paper-based), were administered to university students under controlled conditions, and the data was analyzed for possible relationships. An initial one-way ANOVA analysis of the results suggested little evidence of a relationship between online and paper-based test scores. However, further analysis using other measures found evidence of interaction between them, and a second ANOVA analysis, only of scores for students who had completed all versions of the test found a significant relationship.Familiarity with both versions of the test was considered as a possible factor. Although this is only a small-scale study, the findings help to support the argument for adopting the online version of the test, with its various potential benefits to schools and educators.

This study was designed to examine the relative contributions to EFL learners '

No abstract

No abstract

The aim of this paper is twofold: to examine how present-day detective novels reflect Britain's geographic, social, and linguistic diversities in a way that perhaps no other single genre of fiction does, and to consider how this differs from those works that are generally regarded as the classic examples in this field. Current writing in this category exhibits various characteristics that distinguish these works from older works, and these features are reviewed and possible reasons for the recent diversification considered. However, attention is also paid to the fact that there are, nonetheless, modern works which seem to more closely follow the model of the 'traditional' detective story. It is possible that there are two distinct trends involved, which overlap in some areas to complement each other in terms of filling the various niches in the readership of detective fiction. This is essentially an empirical study, based on the author's extensive reading of detective fiction, both classic and contemporary, over a number of years. Although much of this was originally done as a hobby, personal observation of the extremely wide-ranging nature of the modern British detective novel led to a desire to examine the diversity of the genre in detail.