These results indicate a healthy worker effect among hairdressers diagnosed with eczema. Ammonium persulfate and p-phenylenediamine remain frequent sensitizers in hairdressers with contact dermatitis. Cysteamine hydrochloride and chloroacetamide should be included in future surveillance studies.

A monoclonal antibody has been produced which immunoprecipitates 58-and 53-kDa proteins which are rapidly tyrosine phosphorylated in insulin-treated cells. These proteins can also be tyrosine phosphorylated in vitro by the isolated human insulin receptor. Increased tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins is also observed in cells expressing a transforming chicken c-Src (mutant Phe-527) and in cells with the activated tyrosine kinase domains of the Drosophila insulin receptor, human insulin-like growth factor I receptor, and human insulin receptor-related receptor. P58/53 did not appear to associate with either the GTPase activating protein of Ras (called GAP) or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by either co-immunoprecipitation experiments or in Far Westerns with the SH2 domains of these two proteins. Since p58/53 did not appear, by immunoblotting, to be related to any previously described tyrosine kinase substrate such as the SH2 containing proteins SHC and the tyrosine phosphatase Syp, the protein was purified in sufficient amounts to obtain peptide sequence. This sequence was utilized to isolate a cDNA clone that encodes a previously uncharacterized 53-kDa protein which, when expressed in mammalian cells, is tyrosine phosphorylated by the insulin receptor.In the last few years, there has been extensive progress toward an understanding of the mechanism whereby tyrosine kinases such as growth factor receptors elicit subsequent biological responses (1, 2). The identification and isolation of endogenous substrates for these molecules have revealed that various enzymes such as phospholipase C␥ are tyrosine phosphorylated and activated by this modification (3). In addition, other proteins have a sequence which is homologous to a region of c-Src (called the SH2 domain) that allows these proteins to bind to tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins (4). This complex formation can itself stimulate the enzymatic activity of the SH2 containing protein (for example, the binding of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to insulin receptor substrate-1) or redirect it to another cellular compartment where its enzymatic activity is required (for example, the translocation of the GTPase activating protein of Ras to the plasma membrane, the site of its substrate) (4). In the case of the insulin receptor (IR), 1 several cytosolic substrates have been described. These include the most extensively characterized substrate, called insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), which is tyrosine phosphorylated and subsequently bound by the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase as well as several other SH2 containing proteins (5). A variety of experimental approaches have implicated this substrate as playing a role in mediating several biological responses (6 -9) although gene knockout mice which lack IRS-1 still exhibit most of their responsiveness to insulin (10, 11). In addition, recent studies have shown that growth hormone, interleukins 4 and 13, interferons-␣ and ␥, and leukemia inhibitory factor can all stimulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of .In...

The relationship between clinical type of hand eczema and aetiological diagnosis fitted with general experience, but no simple relationship was found. This emphasizes that patch testing and exposure analysis are mandatory. Hyperkeratotic palmar hand eczema was identified as a distinct clinical subtype.

The 1% prevalence of epoxy resin contact allergy is equivalent to reports from other countries. The high occurrence of epoxy resin exposure at work, and the limited use of protective measures, indicate that reinforcement of the law is required.

Where is the beat in that note? Effects of attack, duration, and frequency on the perceived timing of musical and quasi-musical sounds AbstractWhen coordinating physical actions with sounds, we synchronise our actions with the perceptual center (P-center) of the sound, understood as the specific moment at which the sound is perceived to occur. Using matched sets of real and artificial musical sounds as stimuli, we probed the influence of Attack (rise time), Duration, and Frequency (center frequency) on perceived P-center location and P-center variability. Two different methods to determine the P-centers were used:Clicks aligned in-phase with the target sounds via the method of adjustment, and tapping in synchrony with the target sounds. We found that attack and duration are primary cues for Pcenter location and P-center variability, and that the latter is a useful measure of P-center shape.Probability density distributions for each stimulus display a systematic pattern of P-center shapes ranging from narrow peaks close to the onset of sounds with a fast attack and short duration, to wider and flatter shapes indicating a range synchronization points for sounds with a slow attack and long duration. The results support the conception of P-centers as not simple time points, but "beat bins" with characteristic shapes, and the shapes and locations of these beat bins are dependent upon both the stimulus and the synchronization task. Public significance statementIn music and dance, as well as many other contexts, we coordinate our physical actions with sounds. Our research shows how the fine-grained details of a sound interact in our temporal perception of it. This has implications for a wide range of applications that involve timing, from rehearsing musical ensembles to the sonification of complex patterns of information.