This study aimed to evaluate the formation of tamarind tree seedlings in different protected environments and substrates. Five protected environments were used and substrates using combinations of different proportions of humus, cattle manure, vermiculite, and cassava stems. The environments with screens and the environments with polyethylene films were conducive to the emergence of the tamarind seedlings. All the substrates presented adequate conditions for the emergence of seedlings in these environments. The environment covered with bacuri straw was not favorable to the emergence of the tamarind seedlings. The substrates containing cattle manure provided the best conditions for emergence in the environment covered with bacuri straw. The greenhouses and the screenhouse with the aluminized screen and the substrates containing manure provided the largest number of leaves, larger plants, and larger diameters. The mixture of cassava stems and cattle manure, as well as the mixture of three or four tested materials, are conducive to the development and accumulation of biomass in tamarind seedlings. The mixture of humus with vermiculite or cassava stems is not indicated for the biomass accumulation in tamarind seedlings. Greenhouses and screens are indicated for the formation of high-quality seedlings.

ABSTTRACT: The quality of seedling is critical to obtain vigorous plants in the field. The present study aimed to assess biomasses and biometric relations of soursop seedlings. We used different substrates in protected environments. The experiment was performed at the Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) (State University of Mato Grosso do Sul). Five farming environments were developed in greenhouses: one covered with low-density polyethylene film (LDPE), another with with polyethylene and heat-reflective cloth under film under 50% shading in aluminized color, monofilament cloth under 50% shading in black, thermo-reflective cloth under 50% shading in aluminized color, and an environment covered with bacuri coconut straw. Substrates were made of manure, humus, cassava branches and vermiculite at different proportions. Each of them varying from 25%, 33.3%, 50% and 75% in mixture combination. Each environme nt was considered an experiment. A completely randomized design was adopted and later a joint analysis of them. Agricultural greenhouse covered with LDPE and thermo-reflective cloths under 50% of shading, proportionated seedlings with greater biomass. Substrates containing manure are the most suitable for soursop seedlings. High percentages of earthworm humus produce low quality soursop seedlings. Soursop seedlings had a Dickson's quality index around 0.335. The greenhouse covered only with LDPE film did not produce high quality seedlings.

Seedling quality is crucial to obtain vigorous plants in the field. This study aims to evaluate the emergence and development of soursop seedlings in different substrates in protected environments. The experiment was conducted at the Mato Grosso do Sul State University and carried out us ing five protected environments: greenhouse, greenhouse with thermo-reflective screen, nursery with monofilament screen, nursery with thermo-reflective screen, and nursery with palm thatch. The substrates (S) consisted of cattle manure (M), humus (H), cassava branches (C), and vermiculite (V) as in the following ratios: S1 = H + V (1:3), S2 = H + V (1:1), S3 = H + V (3:1), S4 = H + C (1:3), S5 = H + C (1:1), S6 = H + C (3:1), S7 = M + V (1:3), S8 = M + V (1:1), S9 = M + V (3:1), S10 = M + C (1:3), S11 = M + C (1:1), S12 = M + C (3:1), S13 = H + M + V (1:1:1), S14 = H + M + C (1:1:1), and S15 = H + M + V + C (1:1:1:1). For the statistical analysis, each of those environments was considered as an experiment in which was used the completely randomized design; subsequently, it was performed a combined analysis of them. In summary, the greenhouse with thermo-reflective screen and combined substrates with "M + V" promote greater development of the seedlings. High concentrations of "V" or "C" cause no beneficial effect on soursop seedlings. KEYWORDS:Annona muricata; cattle manure; cassava branches; vegetable ambience. MUDAS DE GRAVIOLEIRA: EMERGÊNCIA E DESENVOLVIMENTO SOB DIFERENTES AMBIENTES DE CULTIVO E SUBSTRATOS -PARTE IRESUMO: A qualidade da muda é fundamental para obtenção de plantas vigorosas no campo. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a emergência e o desenvolvimento de mudas de gravioleira, em diferentes substratos, no interior de ambientes protegidos. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, onde foram empregados cinco ambientes protegidos: estufa agrícola; estufa agrícola com tela termorrefletora sob o filme; viveiro agrícola coberto com tela de monofilamento; viveiro agrícola coberto com tela termorrefletora e viveiro coberto com palha. Os substratos foram constituídos por esterco bovino (E), húmus (H), ramas de mandioca (M) e vermiculita (V), nas seguintes proporções: S1 = H + V (1:3); S2 = H + V (1:1); S3 = H + V (3:1); S4 = H + M (1:3); S5 = H + M (1:1); S6 = H + M (3:1); S7 = E + V (1:3); S8 = E + V (1:1); S9 = E + V (3:1); S10 = E + M (1:3); S11 = E + M (1:1); S12 = E + M (3:1); S13 = H + E + V (1:1:1); S14 = H + E + M (1:1:1); e S15 = H + E + V + M (1:1:1:1). Cada ambiente foi considerado um experimento, sendo adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado e, posteriormente, análise conjunta dos mesmos. Em síntese, a estufa agrícola com tela termorrefletora sob filme e os substratos combinados com "E + V" promovem maior desenvolvimento de mudas. Altas concentrações de "V" ou "M" provocam efeito não benéfico às mudas de gravioleira. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Annona muricata; esterco bovino; ramas de mandioca; ambiência vegetal.