BackgroundIn the western world, a growing number of the older people live at home. In the Netherlands, GPs are expected to play a pivotal role in the organization of integrated care for this patient group. However, little is known about how GPs can play this role best. Our aim for this study was to unravel how GPs can play a successful role in elderly care, in particular in multidisciplinary teams, and to define key concepts for success.MethodsA mixed qualitative research model in four multidisciplinary teams for elderly care in the Netherlands was used. With these four teams, consisting of 46 health care and social service professionals, we carried out two rounds of focus-group interviews. Moreover, we performed semi-structured interviews with four GPs. We analysed data using a hybrid inductive/deductive thematic analysis.ResultsAccording to the health care and social service professionals in our study, the role of GPs in multidisciplinary teams for elderly care was characterized by the ability to ‘see the bigger picture’. We identified five key activities that constitute a successful GP role: networking, facilitating, team building, integrating care elements, and showing leadership. Practice setting and phase of multidisciplinary team development influenced the way in which GPs fulfilled their roles. According to team members, GPs were the central professionals in care services for older people. The opinions of GPs about their own roles were diverse.ConclusionsGPs took an important role in successful care settings for older people. Five key concepts seemed to be important for best practices in care for frail older people: networking (community), facilitating (organization), team building (professional), integrating care elements (patient), and leadership (personal). Team members from primary care and social services indicated that GPs had an indispensable role in such teams. It would be advantageous for GPs to be aware of this attributed role. Attention to leadership competencies and to the diversity of roles in multidisciplinary teams in GP training programmes seems useful. The challenge is to convince GPs to take a lead, also when they are not inclined to take this role in organizing multidisciplinary teams for older people.
Key pointsPatient participation is high on the public agenda, but multidisciplinary teams who offer care to frail older people find it hard to incorporate patients views in their way of working. Our study focused on the care network of the older patient, and more specific on the role of the informal caregiver. In many networks, the informal caregiver was not or only moderately connected with professional actors. Elderly care networks can be rather vulnerable because the power (knowledge, contacts) lies entirely with the patient. Our study suggests that it would be relatively easy to develop materials to enable professionals to map the patient care network, which could then be used as the basis of conversations about the organisation of care, Background: Frail older people living in the community require multidisciplinary care. Despite the fact that patient participation is high on the public agenda, studies into multidisciplinary care mainly focus on the viewpoints of professionals. Little is known about frail older patients' experiences with care delivered by multidisciplinary teams and their perception of collaboration between professional and informal caregivers. Objective: To gain more insight into the experiences of frail older patients with integrated multidisciplinary care by mapping the care networks of this patient group and their perception of the interconnection between professional and informal caregivers. Methods: Survey study to facilitate a care network analysis. Due to the vulnerable health status of the respondents, questionnaires were completed during interviews. Analysis was performed using an iterative process, using both visual and metric techniques. Participants: 44 older persons, considered 'frail' by their general practitioner. Setting: Four general practices in The Netherlands. Results: The networks of the participants consisted of an average of 15 actors connected by 54 ties. General practitioners were the most common actors in the networks, and were well connected to medical specialists and in-home care providers. The participants did not always perceive a connection between their general practitioner and their informal caregiver. The network analyses resulted in the identification of three subtypes: simple star (n = 16), complex star (n = 16), and sub-group networks (n = 12). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the elderly often do not experience the integration of multidisciplinary care as such. This is a real opportunity for MTs to improve their care and to make the patients' experiences better in line with what they are aiming: allowing patients to live at home as healthy and independently as possible for as long as possible. We showed that informal caregivers often form communication bridges between patients and professionals. Having a better knowledge of the patient perspective enables the gaps in professional care networks of frail older people to be filled and facilitates the anticipation of crisis situations.
Diabetes is een groeiend probleem dat een groot beroep doet op de zorg. Het project Herstelcirkel probeert het initiatief bij de deelnemers te leggen en de verantwoordelijkheid meer naar het maatschappelijk domein te verplaatsen. De eerste resultaten zijn positief. Opschaling brengt de nodige uitdagingen met zich mee. AanleidingIn Nederland hebben op dit moment meer dan 850.000 mensen diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), in de volksmond 'ouderdomssuiker' genoemd. Het ontstaan van DM2 heeft te maken met erfelijke aanleg, maar ook omgevingsfactoren, zoals een ongezonde leefstijl en overgewicht, spelen een zeer belangrijke rol. Mensen met een body mass index boven de 30 hebben een tienmaal hogere kans om diabetes te ontwikkelen dan mensen met een gezond gewicht.In Nederland worden mensen met DM2 vrijwel zonder uitzondering behandeld in de huisartsenpraktijk. De zorgprofessionals (huisartsen en praktijkondersteuners) volgen daartoe de richtlijnen van het Nederlands Huisartsen Genootschap en zijn gericht op een goede 'instelling' van de diabetes. Bekend is dat een goede instelling leidt tot minder complicaties op de langere termijn. Optimalisering van de bloedsuikerspiegel, cholesterolwaarde en bloeddruk hoort daarbij. In de huisartsenpraktijk wordt ook de nadruk gelegd op leefstijl en gedragsverandering. In de gesprekken met de praktijkondersteuner (poh) passeren vaak thema's als roken, gezonde voeding en lichaamsbeweging. De meeste mensen met diabetes Anne Kuijpers is in november 2018 overleden. A. Kuijpers · Dr. H. Schers ( ) Afdeling Eerstelijnsgeneeskunde, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Nederland Henk.schers@radboudumc.nl (>90 %) krijgen daarnaast bloedsuiker-en cholesterolverlagende medicatie voorgeschreven [1]. De door zorgprofessionals aangeboden gedragsmatige interventies zijn echter niet uitgesproken succesvol: het gemiddelde gewicht van mensen met diabetes blijft stijgen en de normen voor gezond bewegen worden vaak niet gehaald [2]. Een andere aanpakWij zijn in Nijmegen in 2016 gestart met Herstelcirkel in de wijk (HCIW; www.herstelcirkel.nl), een groepsgerichte aanpak voor mensen met DM2. Herstelcirkel is een initiatief van zorggroep STIELO (Nijmegen Noord), het Radboudumc, zorgverzekeraar Menzis en zorginnovator Huub ter Haar. In de Herstelcirkel werken mensen met DM2 gedurende minimaal een jaar in groepsverband aan bewustwording, een gezondere leefstijl en verinnerlijking van gedragsverandering. In de tijd dat ze deelnemen aan de Herstelcirkel proberen we de afstand te vergroten tussen de zorg en de deelnemers, omdat onze hypothese is dat de deelnemer ruimte nodig heeft om te groeien in zijn rol. De doelgroep is voorlopig mensen met DM2 in de leeftijdscategorie van 45 tot 75 jaar.We hebben voor deze aanpak gekozen omdat er aanwijzingen zijn dat mensen met DM2 beter tot gedragsverandering komen met behulp van een groepsaanpak [3,4]. Mogelijk kan dat ook daadwerkelijk leiden tot leefstijlverandering [5]. Het is dan wel nodig om zo veel mogelijk aan te sluiten bij de behoeften en prioriteiten van mensen met diabetes zelf...
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