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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Traditional research on asset pricing has focused on firm-specific and economy-wide factors that affect asset prices.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Recently, the finance literature has turned to non-economic factors, such as investor sentiment, as possible determinants of asset prices (see for example, Fisher and Statman 2000 and Baker and Wurgler 2006).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Studies such as Baek, Bandopadhyaya and Du (2005) suggest that shifts in investor sentiment may explain short-term movements in asset prices better than any other set of fundamental factors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>A wide array of investor sentiment measures are now available, which leads us quite naturally to the question of which measure best mirrors actual market movements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>In this paper, we begin to address this question by comparing two measures of investor sentiment which are computed daily by the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) and for which historical data are freely available on the CBOE website, thus making them ideal for use by both academics and practitioners studying market behavior: the Put-Call Ratio (PCR) and the Volatility Index (VIX).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Using daily data from January 2, 2004 until April 11, 2006, we find that the PCR is a better explanatory variable than is the VIX for variations in the S&amp;P 500 index that are not explained by economic factors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>This supports the argument that, if one were to choose between these two measures of market sentiment, the PCR is a better choice than the VIX.</span></span></p>

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PurposeThis study seeks to investigate the changes in stock market behavior between the pre and post internet/message board eras.Design/methodology/approachThe study examines the stock return behavior for a large subset of firms in the S&P 100 both before and after the implementation of the firms' message boards on Yahoo! Finance.FindingsThe data shows a significant increase in daily trading volume after a firm's message board was established which suggests that either new investors were drawn to the market or existing investors were induced to trade more frequently. The results also show that daily returns are significantly lower in the post‐message board era and that the market may have become riskier as the variance of these daily returns is significantly higher. These results hold after controlling for market and industry wide events and they are not unique to the stock market bubble of the late 1990s or the NBER‐dated recession of 2001.Originality/valueThis study builds on the work of Asthana and connects it to the message board studies conducted by Tumarkin and Whitelaw, and Antweiler and Frank by considering whether or not the internet in general, and message boards specifically, may have changed the underlying behavior of the stock market. It has important implications for those researchers studying market information efficiency and confirms the importance of studying internet information use by investors.