The aim of this article is to study neutralization techniques used by marketing practitioners to justify unethical pro-organizational behavior. We analyze the narratives of 17 practitioners in two controversial sectors (alcohol and tobacco). In total, three sets of arguments are used: moralization of professional activity through the virtuous organization, denial of responsibility due to over-restrictive legislation, and economic rationalization.
Résumé Cette recherche a pour objectif d’étudier la dimension éthique des stratégies politiques des entreprises. Au-delà des dérives constatées dans les pratiques d’influence, c’est la nature même des activités de lobbying qui conduit à s’interroger sur leur compatibilité avec l’intérêt général et les valeurs démocratiques. Le risque de glissement du lobbying vers le trafic d’influence et la corruption fera ensuite l’objet d’une analyse.
Pharmaceutical industry marketers are confronted with specific ethical issues linked to the tension between the economic interest being pursued and the health mission of this sector. Indeed this dual mission could be problematic for them when the two objectives contradict each other. We use the concept of moral dissonance to examine how marketers in the pharmaceutical industry perceive the profit/health tension inherent in their sector and how they deal with it. Based on narratives of 18 marketers working in the pharmaceutical sector, our qualitative study identifies ethical conflicts of varying intensity that generate differing degrees of moral dissonance among marketers. To cope with this moral dissonance, they use the following strategies: (1) minimize the sensitivity of their activity; (2) invoke the benefits to patients; and (3) avoid behaviors that conflict with their values.
Cet article étudie les techniques de neutralisation mobilisées par les professionnels du marketing lorsqu’il s’agit de justifier des pratiques non éthiques adoptées pour le compte de leur organisation. Pour cela dix-sept récits collectés auprès de praticiens dans deux secteurs controversés (alcool et tabac) ont été analysés. Trois stratégies d’argumentation sont identifiées : la moralisation de l’activité via l’organisation vertueuse, la déresponsabilisation au nom de la loi trop contraignante et la rationalisation économique.
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