Cet article aborde la question de la légitimité des actions de politiques linguistiques menées par le Québec en matière d’intégration linguistique au français selon le point de vue des allophones récemment arrivés dans la province. Nous nous demandons comment les immigrants récents au Québec, installés à Montréal, perçoivent les enjeux autour de leur francisation et quelles sont leurs représentations de leur place actuelle et projetée dans la société québécoise francophone. Une analyse des politiques et une ethnographie montrent que les immigrants récents ont du mal à se considérer comme membres à part entière de la société francophone, compte tenu de leur compétence linguistique en construction, de leur vision encore très monolingue et monolithique de la communauté francophone et d’un manque de passé en commun. Les faibles échanges avec des francophones considérés comme « légitimes » – les natifs – ont un impact direct sur leur sentiment d’appartenance et leur intégration sociale.This article looks at the question of legitimacy through the lenses of linguistic policies carried out by Québec in the field of linguistic integration from the viewpoint of recently arrived minority allophones. We ask the two following questions: how do recent immigrants to Québec, living in Montreal, perceive the stakes of their francization; what are their representations of their actual and projected place in québécois francophone society? A policy analysis and an ethnography show that recent immigrants struggle to perceive themselves as full members of francophone society because of their language skills in acquisition, their monolingual and monolithic view of the francophone community and their lack of a shared historical past. The few exchanges with francophones, considered as “legitimate” – the native-born – have a direct impact on their sense of belonging and their social integration
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