Background: The number of US students studying abroad more than tripled during the past 20 years. As study abroad programmes’ destinations diversify, students increasingly travel to resource-limited countries, placing them at risk for infectious diseases. Data describing infections acquired by US students while travelling internationally are limited. We describe illnesses among students who returned from international travel and suggest how to prevent illness among these travellers. Methods: GeoSentinel is a global surveillance network of travel and tropical medicine providers that monitors travel-related morbidity. This study included the records of US resident student international travellers, 17–24 years old, who returned to the USA, had a confirmed travel-related illness at one of 15 US GeoSentinel sites during 2007–17 and had a documented exposure region. Records were analysed to describe demographic and travel characteristics and diagnoses. Results: The study included 432 students. The median age was 21 years; 69% were female. More than 70% had a pre-travel consultation with a healthcare provider. The most common exposure region was sub-Saharan Africa (112; 26%). Students were most commonly exposed in India (44; 11%), Ecuador (28; 7%), Ghana (25; 6%) and China (24; 6%). The median duration of travel abroad was 40 days (range: 1–469) and presented to a GeoSentinel site a median of 8 days (range: 0–181) after travel; 98% were outpatients. Of 581 confirmed diagnoses, the most common diagnosis category was gastrointestinal (45%). Acute diarrhoea was the most common gastrointestinal diagnosis (113 of 261; 43%). Thirty-one (7%) students had vector-borne diseases [14 (41%) malaria and 11 (32%) dengue]. Three had vaccine-preventable diseases (two typhoid; one hepatitis A); two had acute human immunodeficiency virus infection. Conclusions: Students experienced travel-related infections, despite the majority having a pre-travel consultation. US students should receive pre-travel advice, vaccinations and chemoprophylaxis to prevent gastrointestinal, vector-borne, sexually transmitted and vaccine-preventable infections.

Given today's resource-limited environment, nurse leaders must make judicious staffing decisions to deliver safe, cost-effective care. Investing in 1 element of staffing often requires scaling back in another. A national cross section of acute care hospital unit leaders was surveyed regarding staffing resources, including nurse workload, education, specialty certification, experience, and level of support staff. The authors report findings from the survey and discuss the trade-offs observed among units regarding nurse-to-patient ratios and the proportion of baccalaureate-prepared nurses.

Health-related questions in a large interview schedule (designed to examine relationships between customary physical activity, physical and psychological well-being among the elderly) were found to be repeatable (overall agreement was 93%) when used by two independent interviewers. The sensitivity and specificity of the interview in discriminating between people with and without health problems were 80% and 92%, respectively, when compared with a physician's independent assessments. Family doctor case notes under-recorded many of the common health problems of elderly people and could not be used to validate the interviewees' responses. Comparisons between 41 interviewees and 75 age-, sex- and practice-matched controls demonstrated that interviewees were only slightly more likely to consult or request a repeat prescription in the week following the interview (19%) than controls (11%). The 95% confidence intervals of this 8% difference were wide (-6% to 22%) and it might well have occurred by chance. Practices intending to use screening or research interviews with elderly people should be reassured such activities are not associated with large increases in demand for their services.

BackgroundThe number of US students studying abroad has more than tripled over the past 20 years. As study abroad programs diversify their destinations, more students are traveling to developing regions, increasing their risk of infectious diseases. Few data exist describing infections acquired by US students while traveling internationally. We describe the spectrum of disease among students who have returned from international travel and suggest how to reduce illness among these travelers.MethodsGeoSentinel is a global network of travel and tropical medicine providers that monitors travel-related morbidity. Records of US resident student travelers, 17–24 years old, who returned to the United States and were given a confirmed travel-related diagnosis at one of 15 US GeoSentinel sites during 2007–2017. Those without ascertainable exposure regions were excluded. Records were analyzed to describe demographic and travel characteristics and diagnoses.ResultsThere were 432 students included. The median age was 21 years; 69% were female. Over 70% had a pretravel consultation with a healthcare provider. The most common exposure region was sub-Saharan Africa (112 travelers; 26%); the most common exposure countries were India (44 students; 11%), Ecuador (28; 7%), Ghana (25; 6%), and China (24; 6%). Students presented to a GeoSentinel site a median of 8 days (range: 0–181) after travel; 98% were outpatients. The most common diagnosis categories were gastrointestinal (45%) and dermatologic (17%). Of 581 confirmed diagnoses, diarrheal illnesses were most common (165; 28%). Thirty-one (7%) students had a vector-borne disease; 14 (41%) of these were diagnosed with malaria (13 had a pretravel consultation) and 11 (32%) with dengue. Two students were diagnosed with acute HIV. Three had a vaccine-preventable disease (two typhoid; one hepatitis A).ConclusionStudents experienced travel-related infections despite a large proportion receiving pretravel consultations. Students (especially those traveling to a less developed region) should receive specific pretravel instructions (including suggestions for behavioral modification, vaccination, and medication prophylaxis when applicable) to prevent gastrointestinal, vector-borne, sexually transmitted, and vaccine-preventable diseases.Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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