Processing of internal bodily signals, also known as interoception, and associated impairments are thought to be implicated in the development of psychopathology. Recent proposals highlight the need to differentiate between dimensions of interoception, in particular between accuracy and attention, to better understand its relation to mental health. In the current study, we aimed to adapt the German version of the recently developed Interoceptive Accuracy Scale (IAS; Murphy et al., 2020) and investigate its relation to clinical measures, using a multicenter approach (Ntotal = 3462). The German version of the IAS was best explained by a one-factor structure and showed acceptable test-retest reliability and good convergent validity. Furthermore, we replicated previous findings showing a negative association between self-reported interoceptive accuracy and measures of alexithymia. Going beyond this, we find that IAS scores were negatively and consistently (i.e., across samples and measures) related to several measures of clinical symptomatology and mental health, including anxiety, depressive-, and somatoform symptoms, as well as neurotic traits. These findings provide empirical evidence for the protective role of subjective interoceptive accuracy in the existence of psychopathological symptom burden and emphasize the importance of distinguishing between dimensions of interoception to understand its modulatory role in mental health.