This article investigates the portrayal of the social and cultural consequences of disaster in Dutch rural literature during the long nineteenth century, primarily its final decades, in which fiction often emphasised the precariousness of rural existence. Following a discussion of how several regional texts represent both the emotional and economic impact of failed harvests and loss of livestock, the analysis focuses on the representation of an outbreak of rinderpest in Josef Cohen’s Ver van de menschen (1910), set in rural Overijssel. The events in the novel have a historical referent: they are based on the 1865 outbreak of rinderpest across the Netherlands. This article thus contributes to a better understanding of the nineteenthand early twentieth-century literary imagination of rural vulnerability and calamity, which, in turn, provides insights into dynamics of social relations in the face of disaster and into how (past) natural disasters are made meaningful (in the present).
Begin jaren tachtig van de negentiende eeuw woonde en werkte Vincent van Gogh een periode in Den Haag, waar hij verscheidene schetsen en studies maakte van de stad en het landschap. Hij bewonderde er ook de landschappen van Franse kunstschilders: in juli 1882 schrijft hij aan zijn broer over een landschap van Courbet -volgens Van Gogh zijn mooiste werk -met 'gele, heuvelachtige zandgronden, hier en daar begroeid met frisch, jong gras,' waarop de horizon zeer hoog is afgebeeld 'zoodat de grond hoofdzaak is, en dat fijne strookje lucht eigenlijk meer als contrast dient om de ruwe stof van de massa's donkere aarde beter te doen voelen.' 1 Van Gogh benadrukt dat de grond niet dient als onderdeel van een landschap, maar als onderwerp op zichzelf: de lucht staat slechts in dienst van het verbeelden van de bodem. Bovendien legt hij de nadruk op de tastbaarheid van de aarde, op haar fysieke en tactiele eigenschappen.Ook in zijn eigen werk uit deze periode vormt grond een belangrijk thema. Hij schrijft Theo over de rijke kleuren van de bodem ('een soort tapijtweefsel
‘You Must Cultivate the Heathland’. The Society of Benevolence and the cultivation of soil in the nineteenth-century press. In the nineteenth century, debates surrounding the cultivation of Dutch soil and processes of civilisation were inextricably linked. This article examines the discourse surrounding cultivation of heathlands in newspaper reports about the Society of Benevolence in the 1820s and 1840s. It considers the way the cultivation of heathland in Drenthe is framed as a civilizing force and reflects on the tensions between nation and region in reporting on this issue, as local economic and cultural interests conflicted with nationalist visions of progress and the interests of urban investors. Comparing Dutch and British reports on the Society, the article also forms a starting point for a transnational perspective on this topic.
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