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Whereas the vast majority of the recommendations made in 2004 remain valid 3 yr later, refinements in the treatment of early-stage as well as of advanced-stage testicular cancer have emerged from clinical trials. Despite technical improvements, expert clinical skills will continue to be one of the major determinants for the prognosis of patients with germ cell cancer. In addition, the particular needs of testicular cancer survivors have been acknowledged.

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If breast cancer patients complain of ophthalmological symptoms such as local pain, impaired vision, or diplopia, it is important to consider ocular or orbital metastatic disease.

No abstract