ObjectiveChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a variable multifactorial disease. It can be divided into forms with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without (CRSsNP). Sinus and/or nasal polypectomy surgery are considered if maximal conservative treatment is insufficient. The predictive factors of the need of revision surgery comprise mostly the CRSwNP phenotype and are not fully understood.Study DesignThe aim of this follow‐up study was to evaluate the factors associated with the revision surgery rate in CRS patients with variable extent of disease.MethodsData of CRS patients (N = 178) undergoing sinus surgery and/or nasal polypectomy in 2001 to 2010 were used. Patient characteristics and follow‐up data were collected from patient records and questionnaires. Associations were analyzed by Fisher's exact, Mann Whitney U, and the Kaplan‐Meier method with log‐rank test. Unadjusted Cox's proportional hazard models were used for 12 variables and were fitted for the need for revision sinus surgery and/or nasal polypectomy during follow‐up of in average 9 years.ResultsThe proportion of CRS patients who had undergone revision in 5 years was 9.6%. After adjustment, the following factors associated significantly with the need for recurrent CRS surgery: allergic rhinitis, corticosteroid treatment, previous surgery of CRS, and recurrent NP.ConclusionIncreased risk of progressive CRS phenotypes with the need for revision surgery would putatively be recognized by relatively simple clinical questions. Further studies with increased sample size are needed to evaluate whether these predictive factors would be relevant for developing better detection and management of progressive CRS.Level of Evidence2b.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous swab samples have been taken for SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Nasopharyngeal sampling is considered safe, despite adjacent vital structures (eg, orbit, skull base, rich vasculature; Figure). However, single case reports [1][2][3][4] and clinical observations indicate the possibility of severe complications. This case series investigated the frequency and type of SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal test complications.Methods | All patients presenting to the dedicated otorhinolaryngology emergency department

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is considered after medical therapy failure of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).