In the past two decades, ethnographic, epidemiological and interdisciplinary research has robustly established that culture is significant in determining the long-term outcomes of people with neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric and mood disorders. Yet these cultural factors are certainly not uniform across discrete individual experiences. Thus, in addition to illustrating meaningful differences for people with neuropsychiatric disorder between different cultures, ethnography should also help detail the variations within a culture. Different subjective experiences or outcomes are not solely due to biographical idiosyncrasies-rather, influential factors arising from the same culture can have different impacts on different people. When taking a holistic and intersectional perspective on lived experience, it is crucial to understand the interaction of these factors for people with neuropsychiatric disorders. This paper teases apart such interactions, utilizing comparative case studies of the disparate subjective experiences and illness trajectories of two Balinese people with Tourette syndrome who exhibit similar symptoms. Based on longitudinal person-centered ethnography integrating clinical, psychological, and visual anthropology, this intersectional approach goes beyond symptom interpretation and treatment modalities to identify gendered embodiment and marital practices as influenced by caste to be significant determinants in subjective experience and long-term outcome.

Afflictions: Culture and Mental Illness in Indonesia, the first ethnographic documentary film series on mental illness in the developing world, examines the lives of people with neuropsychiatric disorders and mental illness on the islands of Bali and Java and considers the impact of personal experience, family, culture, and community on the course of their illness. This article reflects on issues that arose in production and explores the theoretical underpinnings of the films in order to highlight the rich potential of psychologically oriented ethnographic films and advocate for them as a genre. While ethnographic film provides an opportunity to explore the theories and methods of psychological anthropology, psychological anthropology's insights into the nature of subjectivity and emotion can help craft stirring and character-driven ethnographic films. Psychologically oriented ethnographic films can inject new life into data presentation, illuminate the interpenetration between culture and mental health, and illustrate contemporary anthropology's relevance to current global issues. The article concludes by suggesting future directions for both research and filmmaking. [ethnographic film, psychological anthropology, mental illness, Indonesia] Indonesian Abstract Afflictions: Culture and Mental Illness in Indonesia, seri film dokumentar tentang masalah penyakit jiwa di negara berkembang yang pertama, meneliti kehidupan orang-orang dengan gangguan neuropsikiatri dan penyakit mental di pulau Bali dan Java. Seri ini mempertimbangkan dampak dari pengalaman pribadi, keluarga, budaya, dan masyarakat pada perjalanan penyakitnya. Artikel ini mencerminkan pada isu-isu yang muncul dalam produksi seri sendiri dan mengeksplorasi teoretis film-film untuk menyoroti potensi kaya film etnografi berorientasi psikologis dan mengadvokasi bagi mereka sebagai suatu genre. Sementara film etnografi memberikan kesempatan untuk mengeksplorasi teori dan metode antropologi psikologis, wawasan antropologi psikologis ke dalam sifat subjektivitas dan emosi dapat mensupport pembuatan film etnografi yang character-driven dan mengharukan. Film etnografi berorientasi psikologis dapat menyuntikkan kehidupan baru ke dalam presentasi data, menerangi interpenetrasi antara budaya dan kesehatan mental, dan menggambarkan relevansi antropologi kontemporer terhadap isu-isu global saat ini. Artikel ini diakhiri dengan menyarankan arah masa depan untuk penelitian dan pembuatan film. [Kata kunci: film etnografi, antropologi psikologis, penyakit mental, Indonesia] Supartini (Interviewer): Earlier, you said that abandoned Kereta for a year and a half. Was it a year and a half or a month and a half? Mr. Kereta: Half a year . . . (Glancing over at his wife) Mrs. Kereta: One year and a half! (Voice lowered, nodding emphatically at interviewer).

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In chapter 5, “Interpreting and Treating Autism in Javanese Indonesia: Listening to Folk Perspectives on Developmental Difference and Inclusion,” Annie Tucker shifts our discussion focus from diabetes to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Following a year and a half of ethnographic fieldwork in Yogyakarta and Jakarta, Indonesia, Tucker observes that while the concept of “autism” remains comparatively new to the region, there are, in fact, operant models of developmental difference in Javanese Indonesia, and a robust repertory of available responses to ASD. While weighing the benefits and challenges of adopting and mobilizing a globalized paradigm of developmental difference, Tucker illustrates how looking at meaningful embodied folk practices of inclusion might identify potentially powerful local interventions that could be disseminated, specifically describing the work of a Yogyakarta gamelan group that uses traditional music towards individually and socially therapeutic ends.