The Cretaceous formations of the Mons Basin, of the Méhaigne-Petite Gette Basin area and of the Liège-Limburg Basin area are described and discussed following recent literature. Of the 22 Cretaceous formations of the Mons Basin 8 are of Early Cretaceous age and 14 of Late Cretaceous age. In the Méhaigne-Petit Gette Basin area no formations have been named, but the different levels found have been considered as members; their age varies from? Coniacian to Late Maastrichtian. In the Liège-Limburg Basin area four Cretaceous formations have been recognised, divided in very detailed members based on lithostratigraphical characteristics (flints) by Felder; these formations vary in age from? Coniacian to uppermost Maastrichtian.

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Two experiments were run in order to investigate the relationship between syllable length of number names and eye-fixation durations during silent reading of one-and two-digit numbers. In Experiment 1, subjects had to read a series of three numbers and recall them orally; in Experiment 2, subjects had to indicate manually whether the value of the middle number was between the values of the outer numbers. The effect of syllable length was controlled for possible confounding effects of number frequency and number magnitude. Findings indicated that fixation duration depended on syllable length of number names in the first task, but not in the second task. The results call into question the claim that phonological encoding is imperative in visual processing; phonological encoding was used only when the numbers had to be recalled, and not when they were coded for computational purposes.Pynte (1974) showed that the relationship between syllable length of number names and response latency previously found for number naming (Eriksen, Pollack, & Montague, 1970;Klapp, 1971Klapp, , 1974) also existed in silent number reading. Two series of three two-digit numbers were each presented for 2 sec. Subjects had to read the numbers silently and to report them aloud as soon as the stimulus display disappeared. Eye movements were tracked while the subjects were reading. Pynte (1974) found that gaze duration on the center number increased as the syllable length of the number name increased, although pronunciation was not required during processing. This led Pynte to the conclusion "that a mechanism of readiness for pronunciation co-occurs with visual processing" (p. 110).Pynte's (1974) finding is regularly cited, along with other studies, as evidence that phonological encoding is an essential element in visual processing (see, e.g., Hung & Tzeng, 1981; Rayner & Pollatsek, 1989, p. 214;Rossi, 1985). However, before Pynte's (1974) results can be used as unequivocal support for phonological mediation in reading, alternative interpretations must be ruled out. Pynte used only two times two critical stimuli: "30" (trente, one syllable) versus "90" (quatre-vingt-dix, four syllables), and "28" (yingt-huit, two syllables) versus "82" tquatre-vingt-deux, four syllables). This leaves open the possibility that the findings were due to factors other than syllable length of the stimulus name. First, Pynte did not consider the frequency of occurrence of his stimuli, so that his results may have been an artifact of the large num- bers' having lower frequencies than the low numbers. Second, it is not unreasonable to assume that large numbers are more difficult to process than small numbers, so that Pynte's syllable effect might also have been due to differences in number magnitude. Finally, it can be asked whether Pynte really did design a task •'without pronunciation. " Though naming was not required during reading, the subsequent oral report of numbers may have entailed subvocalization as part of response preparation.To address the three crit...

Study of ammonites and bivalves along selected sections on the Andean margin of northern Peru and Ecuador has made it possible to recognize correlatable marine transgressions and to propose a refined stratigraphic framework for the Upper Cretaceous of the region. Six maximum flooding events are recognized: latest Turonian-early Coniacian (major event), late Coniacian-early Santonian, late Santonian-early Campanian, mid Campanian-early late Campanian (major event), early Maastrichtian (major event), and terminal early Maastrichtian. Most of these events can be correlated with global eustatic sea-level rises, but their relative manifestations indicate that the Andean margin was already being deformed by the late Cretaceous "Peruvian" tectonic events. The onset of fine-grained clastic sedimentation in the Oriente and East-Peruvian basins in the mid Turonian-earliest Coniacian is taken as the first event of the "Peruvian" phase. The Campanian regional transgression in the Peruvian-Ecuadorian forearc zones concealed the "Peruvian" deformational event. The latter caused a palaeogeographic upheaval, indicated by the subsequent development of a NNE-trending forearc basin, which extended from Paita in northwestern Peru to northern Ecuador. In the forearc zones only short-lived transgressions are recorded in the late Campanian and early Maastrichtian as a result of nearly continuous tectonic activity. This culminated with a significant tectonic event in the late Maastrichtian, causing a widespread hiatus.

A reappraisal of the ''Late Cretaceous Yunguilla Formation'' of the Cuenca area enables the definition of four distinct formations, correlatable with those of southwestern Ecuador. A mid-to late-Campanian marine transgression (Jadán Formation) is overlain by quartz-rich conglomerates of fan-delta to turbiditic fan environment (Quimas Formation) of latest Campanian-earliest Maastrichtian age, which are interpreted as evidence of the accretion of a first oceanic terrane (San Juan). Disconformable, arkosic turbidites and cherts (Tabacay Formation) of early Maastrichtian age are thought to represent the erosion of the newly accreted oceanic terrane. A major unconformity of late Maastrichtian age, caused by the accretion of a second oceanic terrane (Guaranda), is followed by the deposition of quartz-rich micaceous shelf sandstones (Saquisilí Formation) of Paleocene age. A third accretion event (late Paleocene) is recorded in coastal Ecuador. Each accretion event correlates with the uplift and erosion of the Eastern Cordillera and with a sedimentary hiatus in the eastern areas. In Ecuador, accretion of oceanic terranes contributed to the build up of the Andes through tectonic underplating of low-density material, and the eastern areas did not behave as flexural foreland basins during late Cretaceous-Paleogene times.