Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma is an uncommon neoplastic proliferation of spindled to ovoid cells with morphologic and immunophenotypic features similar to normal follicular dendritic cells. While most follicular dendritic cell sarcomas arise from lymph nodes, at least one-third occur in extranodal sites. A broad differential diagnosis can be developed--as this tumor has morphologic features similar to other tumors, hence creating a diagnostic pitfall--but its immunophenotypic profile is quite specific and is diagnostically crucial. Herein, we review the pathogenesis; histologic morphology; and immunohistochemical, electron microscopy, and clinical features, including treatment and prognosis, of follicular dendritic cell sarcomas. We will briefly describe the role of molecular studies including utility of BRAF mutations in diagnosing this tumor.

ABSTRACT

Cytokeratin 7 (CK 7) negative breast tumours are reported to occur rarely. We studied 14 CK 7 negative cases of primary invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) detected during sentinel lymph node metastases work-up and immunohistochemistry panel in the work-up of metastatic carcinoma of unknown origin. Axillary lymph node metastases were present in seven patients (50%). Oestrogen receptor (ER) was strongly positive in all cases: progesterone receptor in 78%, Her-2/neu in 7% and high proliferation index with Ki-67 >20% was seen in 71% of the cases. Metastatic and/or recurrence were found in 8 of 14 patients (57%) with the mean clinical follow-up of 55 months. Metastatic sites include multiple bones, brain, spinal cord, liver, pancreas, ovary, lung, lymph node other than ipsilateral axillary and skin. 12 of 14 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. All 14 patients received hormonal therapy and radiation therapy. Morphologically, IDC with neuroendocrine features was noted in 57%. Synaptophysin stain was positive in 57% and chromogranin was positive in 21% of the cases. In conclusion, these CK 7 negative breast carcinomas were ER positive, mostly Her-2/neu negative, had high Ki-67 and frequently showed neuroendocrine differentiation. More than half of these cases had a poor outcome.

Notes on operationsE -books emerged in 1971 with Michael Hart's Project Gutenberg and started to capture widespread attention in 1998 with the introduction of two e-book reading devices, the Rocket eBook and Softbook.1 In the intervening decade, Google has propelled e-books into the mainstream, a new generation of mobile devices has improved e-book readability and convenience, and content providers have offered libraries an increasingly diverse array of electronic products and service models. With e-book purchasing on the rise, many libraries have elected to make e-books available via their online catalogs. A 2007 literature survey by Belanger indicated a widespread consensus in favor of integrating e-book records into the library catalog. 2According to a recent National Information Standards Organization white paper on book metadata workflow, many libraries rely on vendor-supplied cataloging for their e-book collections.3 Despite this widespread practice, cataloging guidance has continued to focus on the content of individual fields and records rather than the logistics of large-scale record handling. In the summer of 2009, the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) recommended and implemented a provider-neutral record standard for electronic monographs (e-monographs). 4The new policy represents a significant step toward the standardization of e-book cataloging practices, but it does not fully address how best to integrate large record sets from multiple providers. Practical challenges include editing bibliographic data in batch, merging records for duplicate copies, scheduling and tracking updates, and building and sustaining staff knowledge and skills to carry out these functions. This paper describes the complexity of the e-book landscape in a research library, looking in particular at the University of Houston Libraries (UHL) and its intensive use of vendor-supplied cataloging for its collection of nearly 400,000 e-books.

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