Background The detection of early changes in vital signs (VSs) enables timely intervention; however, the measurement of VSs requires hands-on technical expertise and is often time-consuming. The contactless measurement of VSs is beneficial to prevent infection, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lifelight is a novel software being developed to measure VSs by remote photoplethysmography based on video captures of the face via the integral camera on mobile phones and tablets. We report two early studies in the development of Lifelight. Objective The objective of the Vital Sign Comparison Between Lifelight and Standard of Care: Development (VISION-D) study (NCT04763746) was to measure respiratory rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), and blood pressure (BP) simultaneously by using the current standard of care manual methods and the Lifelight software to iteratively refine the software algorithms. The objective of the Vital Sign Comparison Between Lifelight and Standard of Care: Validation (VISION-V) study (NCT03998098) was to validate the use of Lifelight software to accurately measure VSs. Methods BP, PR, and RR were measured simultaneously using Lifelight, a sphygmomanometer (BP and PR), and the manual counting of RR. Accuracy performance targets for each VS were defined from a systematic literature review of the performance of state-of-the-art VSs technologies. Results The VISION-D data set (17,233 measurements from 8585 participants) met the accuracy targets for RR (mean error 0.3, SD 3.6 vs target mean error 2.3, SD 5.0; n=7462), PR (mean error 0.3, SD 4.0 vs mean error 2.2, SD 9.2; n=10,214), and diastolic BP (mean error −0.4, SD 8.5 vs mean error 5.5, SD 8.9; n=8951); for systolic BP, the mean error target was met but not the SD (mean error 3.5, SD 16.8 vs mean error 6.7, SD 15.3; n=9233). Fitzpatrick skin type did not affect accuracy. The VISION-V data set (679 measurements from 127 participants) met all the standards: mean error −0.1, SD 3.4 for RR; mean error 1.4, SD 3.8 for PR; mean error 2.8, SD 14.5 for systolic BP; and mean error −0.3, SD 7.0 for diastolic BP. Conclusions At this early stage in development, Lifelight demonstrates sufficient accuracy in the measurement of VSs to support certification for a Level 1 Conformité Européenne mark. As the use of Lifelight does not require specific training or equipment, the software is potentially useful for the contactless measurement of VSs by nonclinical staff in residential and home care settings. Work is continuing to enhance data collection and processing to achieve the robustness and accuracy required for routine clinical use. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/14326

Background Measuring vital signs (VS) is an important aspect of clinical care but is time-consuming and requires multiple pieces of equipment and trained staff. Interest in the contactless measurement of VS has grown since the COVID-19 pandemic, including in nonclinical situations. Lifelight is an app being developed as a medical device for the contactless measurement of VS using remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) via the camera on smart devices. The VISION-D (Measurement of Vital Signs by Lifelight Software in Comparison to the Standard of Care—Development) and VISION-V (Validation) studies demonstrated the accuracy of Lifelight compared with standard-of-care measurement of blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate, supporting the certification of Lifelight as a class I Conformité Européenne (CE) medical device. Objective To support further development of the Lifelight app, the observational VISION Multisite Development (VISION-MD) study is collecting high-quality data from a broad range of patients, including those with VS measurements outside the normal healthy range and patients who are critically ill. Methods The study is recruiting adults (aged ≥16 years) who are inpatients (some critically ill), outpatients, and healthy volunteers, aiming to cover a broad range of normal and clinically relevant VS values; there are no exclusion criteria. High-resolution 60-second videos of the face are recorded by the Lifelight app while simultaneously measuring VS using standard-of-care methods (automated sphygmomanometer for blood pressure; finger clip sensor for pulse rate and oxygen saturation; manual counting of respiratory rate). Feedback from patients and nurses who use Lifelight is collected via a questionnaire. Data to estimate the cost-effectiveness of Lifelight compared with standard-of-care VS measurement are also being collected. A new method for rPPG signal processing is currently being developed, based on the identification of small areas of high-quality signals in each individual. Anticipated recruitment is 1950 participants, with the expectation that data from approximately 1700 will be used for software development. Data from 250 participants will be retained to test the performance of Lifelight against predefined performance targets. Results Recruitment began in May 2021 but was hindered by the restrictions instigated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of data processing methodology is in progress. The data for analysis will become available from September 2022, and the algorithms will be refined continuously to improve clinical accuracy. The performance of Lifelight compared with that of the standard-of-care measurement of VS will then be tested. Recruitment will resume if further data are required. The analyses are expected to be completed in early 2023. Conclusions This study will support the refinement of data collection and processing toward the development of a robust app that is suitable for routine clinical use. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04763746; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04763746 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/41533

BACKGROUND Detection of early changes in vital signs (VS) enables timely intervention; however, measurement of VS requires hands-on technical expertise and is often time-consuming. Contactless measurement of VS is beneficial to prevent infection, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lifelight® is a novel software being developed to measure VS by remote photoplethysmography, based on video capture of the face via the integral camera on mobile phones and tablets. We report the observational VISION-D data collection study for algorithm development (NCT04763746) and VISION-V (NCT03998098), a laboratory-based validation study of Lifelight. OBJECTIVE Data collection for algorithm development (VISION D) and software validation (VISION V) METHODS Blood pressure (BP), pulse rate (PR), and respiratory rate (RR) were measured simultaneously using Lifelight, a sphygmomanometer (BP, PR) and manual counting of RR. Accuracy performance targets for each VS were defined from a systematic literature review of the performance of state-of-the-art VS technologies. RESULTS The VISION-D dataset (17,233 measurements from 8585 participants) met the accuracy targets for RR (0.3 ± 3.6 [mean error ± SD] vs target of 2.3 ± 5.0; n=7462), PR (0.3 ± 4.0 vs 2.2 ± 9.2; n=10,214), and diastolic BP (−0.4 ± 8.5 vs 5.5 ± 8.9; n=8951); for systolic BP, mean error target was met but not SD (3.5 ± 16.8 vs 6.7 ± 15.3; n=9233). Fitzpatrick skin type did not affect accuracy. The VISION-V dataset (679 measurements from 127 participants) met all the standards: −0.1 ± 3.4 for RR; 1.4 ± 3.8 for PR; 2.8 ± 14.5 for systolic BP; −0.3 ± 7.0 for diastolic BP. CONCLUSIONS Lifelight demonstrates sufficient accuracy in the measurement of VS, particularly RR and PR, which are important early indicators of clinical deterioration. As use of Lifelight does not require specific training or equipment, the software is potentially useful for the contactless measurement of VS by non-clinical staff in residential and home care settings. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/14326

BACKGROUND Measuring vital signs (VS) is an important aspect of clinical care but is time consuming and requires multiple pieces of equipment and trained staff. Interest in the contactless measurement of VS has grown since the COVID-19 pandemic, including for non-clinical situations. Lifelight® is an app being developed as a medical device for the contactless measurement of VS using remote photoplethysmography via the camera on smart devices such as phones and tablets. The VISION-D (Measurement of Vital Signs by Lifelight® Software in Comparison to the Standard of Care – Development )and -V (Validation) studies demonstrated the accuracy of Lifelight compared with standard of care measurement of blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate, supporting certification of Lifelight as a class I Conformité Européenne (CE) medical device. OBJECTIVE To support further development of the Lifelight app, the observational VISION-MD (Multi-site Development) study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCTNCT04763746) is collecting high-quality data from a broad range of patients, including those with VS measurements outside the normal healthy range and critically ill patients.general practice; vital signs/methods; vital signs/standards; photoplethysmography; remote photoplethysmography; rPPG; Lifelight; contactless; software METHODS High-resolution videos of the face are being recorded using Lifelight software whilst simultaneously measuring VS using standard of care techniques (sphygmomanometer for blood pressure and pulse rate; manual counting of respiratory rate). Training data are being collected first and used to train the Lifelight algorithms to identify small areas of high-quality signal; the accuracy of the algorithms will then be evaluated using separate test data. RESULTS Recruitment began in May 2021 but was hindered by the restrictions instigated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim is to collect measurements from approximately 1950 participants (driven by the rate of machine learning). The analyses are expected to be completed in early 2023. CONCLUSIONS Lifelight has the potential to bring about a paradigm shift in the way VS are monitored, in the clinic and in community settings. This study will support refinement of data collection and processing, in order to develop a robust app suitable for routine clinical use. CLINICALTRIAL https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04763746