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Aim The aim of the study is to describe the current frequency of physical restraint and the use of analgesics and sedatives for treating pediatric pain in emergency departments (EDs) in Scandinavia. Methods We performed a nation‐wide electronic survey asking nurses in the emergency departments in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden about their experience treating children in pain. Results Responses from 103 Danish, Norwegian and Swedish nurses were included (79% response rate). Physical restraint was reported used at 79% [70.0‐85.9] (N = 78) of the surveyed departments (DK: 96%, NO: 67%, SE: 77%) with two participants reporting daily use of physical restraint. Paracetamol was available at all departments and used most frequently. Sedation was available at 88% [78.8‐92.0] of the departments with midazolam as the most recurrent sedative (83%, [74.8‐89.4]). Seventy‐three percent of respondents reported a need for better treatments. Lack of education was the most frequently reported obstacle for providing both pain treatment (29%) and sedation (43%) followed by lack of guidelines. Conclusion Physical restraint of children during painful procedures is used in the majority of Scandinavian emergency departments (79%). There appears to be a lack of local guidelines for both pain treatment and sedation.

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Background Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) can increase 30-day survival from 10% up to 70%. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) might have a role in transporting an AED to the site of an OHCA. The aim of this experimental study was to describe the potential benefit of an UAV system for delivery of an AED in a rural environment. Materials and methods Optimal placement and response times for AED equipped UAV were calculated using GIS-models based on two weighting alternatives. UAV delivery testflights were performed using three different techniques. Results All OHCA cases with a cardiac aetiology n = 7923 in Stockholm county 2006-2013 were analyzed. Ten optimal locations with a 10 km radius in the greater Stockholm area were identified for implementation of UAV systems. With a simulated 50/50 weighting n = 7905 cases were found primarily in the city centre. The UAV arrived before EMS in 32% of cases with a mean timesaving of 1.5 min. With a simulated 80/20 weighting including n = 134 OHCA cases in primarily remote areas, the UAV arrived before EMS in 93% of cases with a mean timesaving of 19 min. Delivery of the AED in testflights n = 14 was successful in favourable conditions within sight primarily by latch-released technique or by landing the UAV on flat ground. Conclusions By using GIS models optimal placement of UAV systems can be calculated. These locations might in the future significantly reduce time to defibrillation and serve as a complement to EMS services. A4 Prehospital patient safety incidentsa description based on a national mandatory reporting system