Afternoon deep convection over the Maritime Continent islands propagates offshore in the evening to early morning hours, leading to a nocturnal rainfall maximum over the nearby ocean. This work investigates the formation of the seaward precipitation migration off western Sumatra and its intraseasonal and seasonal characteristics using BMKG C-band radar observations from Padang and ERA5 reanalysis. A total of 117 nocturnal offshore rainfall events were identified in 2018, with an average propagation speed of 4.5 m s−1 within 180 km of Sumatra. Most offshore propagation events occur when the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is either weak (real-time multivariate MJO index < 1) or active over the Indian Ocean (phases 1–3), whereas very few occur when the MJO is active over the Maritime Continent and western Pacific Ocean (phases 4–6). The occurrence of offshore rainfall events also varies on the basis of the seasonal evolution of the large-scale circulation associated with the Asian–Australian monsoons, with fewer events during the monsoon seasons of December–February and June–August and more during the transition seasons of March–May and September–November. Low-level convergence, resulting from the interaction of the land breeze and background low-level westerlies, is found to be the primary driver for producing offshore convective rain propagation from the west coast of Sumatra. Stratiform rain propagation speeds are further increased by upper-level easterlies, which explains the faster migration speed of high reflective clouds observed by satellite. However, temperature anomalies associated with daytime convective latent heating over Sumatra indicate that gravity waves may also modulate the offshore environment to be conducive to seaward convection migration.
Speaking anxiety becomes a substantial matter in foreign language learning. Many studies have been discussed foreign language anxiety. Nevertheless, slight research has been undertaken on senior high school level. This research investigated Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety (FLSA) associated with male and female difference in senior high school level. This study aims to investigate whether male and female have the significant difference on students’ speaking anxiety level or not. Differential research method was used. From 77 grade IX students of SMA Terpadu Darussalam Tasikmalaya, 43 students were participated in this study. Probability sampling was used as the technique for selecting sample. A close-ended questionnaire adopted from Horwitz et.al (1986) was administrated to the participants to examine their Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety. The questionnaire has been passed validity test to determine whether it has positive consequences when they are used in practice. The result indicated that there is no statistically difference between male and female students. Although there was no statistically difference, the finding represents that females demonstrated a higher anxiety than males. Regarding to the result, it might be a light to help teacher choosing a great treatment for students’ anxiety during English language learning.
Penanggulangan gangguan gizi balita membutuhkan tindak lanjut yang terencana hingga level layanan primer. Data dasar dibutuhkan untuk menilai besarnya beban masalah tersebut. Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang dilakukan bulan Maret 2015 di Desa Mekargalih Kecamatan Jatinangor, yang termasuk wilayah asuhan Program Studi Diploma 4 Kebidanan Fakultas Kedokteran Unpad. Telah dikumpulkan data primer antropometri, usia dan jenis kelamin balita usia 3-5 tahun. Analisis indikator merujuk pada kurva World Health Organization-National Center for Health Statistics (WHO-NCHS) sesuai SK Menkes RI no 1995/Menkes/SK/XII/2010.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi balita 3-5 tahun di Desa Mekargalih terdiri atas 65 (38,9%) anak laki laki dan 102 (61,1%) anak perempuan. Besar masalah gizi buruk-kurang mencapai 10,8%, wasting 7,8% dan stunting sebesar 16,2%. Perbandingan proporsi balita yang mengalami gangguan gizi antara balita perempuan terhadap laki-laki adalah : 12,8% vs 7,7% (gizi buruk-kurang), 18,6% vs 12,3% (stunting). Proporsi wasting pada balita perempuan lebih rendah (7,9% vs 9,2%). Simpulan : Gangguan gizi balita usia 3-5 tahun di Desa Mekargalih Kecamatan Jatinangor merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat tingkat sedang. Balita perempuan lebih rentan mengalami gangguan gizi. Perlu diupayakan perbaikan gizi terpadu bagi tiap individu dengan pendampingan tenaga kesehatan.Kata Kunci : Balita, masalah kesehatan masyarakat, status gizi
Dispepsia merupakan penyakit sindrom gejala yang ditandai dengan rasa nyeri atau tidak nyaman pada bagian atas atau ulu hati. Dispepsia organik antara lain karena terjadinya gangguan di saluran cerna atau di sekitar saluran cerna, seperti pankreas, kandung empedu dan lain-lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui definisi, penyebab, klasifikasi, dan terapi sindrom dispepsia. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan review artikel ini adalah pengumpulan literature dari sumber jurnal yang ada yang berkaitan dengan dyspepsia secara umum yang bersumber dari google, google scholar, dan e-book dengan menggunakan kata kunci “dyspepsia”, “klasifikasi dyspepsia”, “penyebab dyspepsia”, dan “terapi dyspepsia” dalam pencarian literatur. Didapatkan hasil ispepsia organik terjadi karena adanya kelainan organik. Pada dispepsia organik terlihat kelainan yang nyata terlihat pada endoskopi terhadap organ saluran pencernaan seperti ulkus peptik atau yang dikenal dengan tukak peptik, gastritis, stomach cancer, gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD), hiperasiditas. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah dalam penyembuhannya penyakit dispepsia bisa ditangani dengan terapi farmakologi yang meliputi penggunaan obat-obatan seperti; antasida, antikolinergik, antagonis H2 dan lainnya. Selain itu penyakit dispepsiajuga bisa ditangani dengan terapi non farmakologi yang meliputi menjaga pola makan, mengurangi stress dan lainnya.
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