Anal as well as urinary incontinence after delivery with obstetric anal sphincter rupture is common, and prenatal obstetric and maternal variables could not predict anal incontinence. Fourth degree perineal tear and a persistent ultrasound-detected defect in the anal sphincter muscles are associated with AI.

II-2.

This study confirms a positive association between occult incontinence and POSUI. Occult incontinence does not, however, adequately identify individual women in need of prophylactic anti-incontinence surgery when undergoing POP repair.

POP surgery using native tissue repair entails low reoperation rates with excellent subjective and objective results and should be the first choice in treating primary POP, providing use of adequate surgical technique.

Prior shoulder dystocia increased the risk of shoulder dystocia in the second delivery. However, offspring birthweight was by far the most important risk factor.