Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cualitativa realizada entre los meses de enero a mayo de 2021, utilizando la metodología de estudio de casos, para analizar el funcionamiento de los proyectos de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo, orientados a la Seguridad Alimentaria, a través de la agricultura urbana, con población de áreas vulnerables de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias - Colombia, financiado por una ONG Suiza, en el período 2015-2019 e implementado por una ONG colombiana. Los resultados del proyecto objeto de estudio, ayudan a precisar el rol de la Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (CID), el estado de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional (SAN), las características de la agricultura urbana (AU), el contexto socioeconómico local, la participación social, así como las fortalezas, dificultades y recomendaciones para la CID, reconociendo los factores de éxito del proyecto y la necesidad de asegurar que permanezca en el tiempo su dimensión de un mayor acceso a la SAN. Palabras clave: cooperación internacional; seguridad alimentaria; agricultura; población urbana; participación social. Los resultados precisan el rol de la CID, el estado de la seguridad alimentaria, las características de la agricultura urbana, el contexto socioeconómico, el enfoque de género, la participación de los agricultores, así como las fortalezas, dificultades y recomendaciones a la CID, reconociendo los factores de éxito del proyecto y la necesidad de permanencia en el tiempo de la dimensión acceso, con posible riesgo para la seguridad alimentaria de poblaciones vulnerables.
Scientists are developing new technologies for biodegradable active packaging made from natural polymers and antioxidant agents as a more sustainable alternative to conventional packaging made from fossil fuels. In this study, the biodegradation of the films was evaluated using techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG), visual and morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water sorption isotherms and thermodynamic parameters were analyzed at different temperatures (5 °C, 15 °C, and 25 °C) and relative humidities until the samples reached a constant weight. The results showed changes in the morphology, color, and mass of the cassava starch films with tomato peel due to biodegradation. FTIR revealed structural changes in the films, while TG/DTG curves did not show significant differences over time. The addition of tomato peel to the polymer matrix resulted in lower water solubility. The Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model provided the best fit for the water sorption isotherms. The monolayer moisture content (Xm) increased with temperature, indicating the availability of active sites for water sorption in the material. Thermodynamic analyses indicated that lower moisture content corresponded to more active sorption sites, and the sorbed water molecules exhibited greater order. In conclusion, biodegradable active packaging offers an environmentally friendly alternative as it decomposes more rapidly than conventional packaging made from fossil-derived materials. The sorption isotherms demonstrated that the adsorption in the packaging materials is controlled by entropy, emphasizing the importance of the number of available active sites for binding rather than the chemical composition of the film.
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