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Aims: Poisoning is a medical emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study was done to analyse the pattern of poisoning cases coming to our tertiary care centre located in the north eastern part of U.P., India. It is important to know the pattern of poisoning in a region so as to take proper actions for prevention and management of the cases. Methods: This was a retrospective hospital record based study of poisoning patients who were admitted to our tertiary care hospital between July, 2014 to December 2015. Data of total 140 cases were analyzed for demography, type of poisoning and outcome and results were analyzed statistically. Results: Pesticides dominated the picture amongst the rural population while urban people consumed drugs and household agents. The overall mortality rate was 4.28%. Most of the deaths were in Aluminium phosphide cases (66.66%) followed by paraquat and organochlorine. Conclusion: In adults poisoning is mostly suicidal while children accidentally ingest substances. Pesticides, chemicals and drugs available in house are mostly used. Rural people resort to pesticides while urban population takes household articles or drugs for self harm. Mortality depends on the type of poison, amount consumed and the time lapsed in reaching a health care facility as well as how equipped is the health care facility to tackle the poisoning cases.

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Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) is a distinct member of the Polerovirus genus of the Luteoviridae family. SCYLV is the major limitation to sugarcane production worldwide and presently occurring in most of the sugarcane growing countries. SCYLV having high genetic diversity within the species and presently ten genotypes are known to occur based on the complete genome sequence information. SCYLV is present in almost all the states of India where sugarcane is grown. Virion comprises of 180 coat protein units and are 24-29 nm in diameter. The genome of SCYLV is a monopartite and comprised of single-stranded (ss) positive-sense (+) linear RNA of about 6 kb in size. Virus genome consists of six open reading frames (ORFs) that are expressed by sub-genomic RNAs. The SCYLV is phloem-limited and transmitted by sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchari in a circulative and non-propagative manner. The other aphid species namely, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, and R. maidis also been reported to transmit the virus. The virus is not transmitted mechanically, therefore, its transmission by M. sacchari has been studied in different countries. SCYLV has a limited natural host range and mainly infect sugarcane (Sachharum hybrid), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and Columbus grass (Sorghum almum). Recent insights in the protein-protein interactions of Polerovirus through protein interaction reporter (PIR) technology enable us to understand viral encoded proteins during virus replication, assembly, plant defence mechanism, short and long-distance travel of the virus. This review presents the recent understandings on virus biology, diagnosis, genetic diversity, virus-vector and host-virus interactions and conventional and next generation management approaches.