Gender difference has been widely reported in many research fields. However, in the topic of colour preference of lighting, such an issue has not aroused much attention. In this study, therefore, three groups of visual experiments with different illuminance (E) levels (50 lx, 200 lx, 600 lx) were conducted which investigated the preferred correlated colour temperature (CCT: 3500 K, 5000 K, 6500 K) for six single-coloured decorative artificial bird-shaped objects (red, green, yellow, blue, white and black). Twenty subjects, ten males and ten females, were invited to respond with their visual colour preference of the experimental objects. The aim of this work was to investigate if gender difference exists when the observers judge objects with different colours under different E-CCT conditions. The results indicate that there is significant difference between males and females for the 200 lx and 600 lx conditions, especially for the cases with higher CCTs (5000 K and 6500 K). In addition, it was found that under certain E-CCT conditions the preference ratings of males and females for certain colours were obviously different. Similarly, for some scenarios the subjective ratings from observers of the same gender also varied with object colour.

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The preferences to color quality of illumination were investigated for American and Chinese subjects using a solid-state source of white light with the continuously tunable color saturation ability and correlated color temperature of quadrichromatic blends. Subjects were asked to identify both Bmost natural[ and preferred blends. For very familiar objects, cultural differences did not affect the average of the selected blends. For less familiar objects (various paintings), cultural differences in the average selected blends depended on the level of the familiarity of the content. An unfamiliar painting also showed preferences to color temperature being dependent on the cultural background. In all cases, the American subjects exhibited noticeably wider distributions of selection rates.

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Interactions among different parties within social networks are greatly dependent on trust. Therefore, trust analysis is significant for solving social network related problems such as privacy protect, and rumor tracking and containment. This paper makes advancements in the trust analysis by proposing a reliability model-based algorithm for assessing the trust level of any two parties within a social network. Particularly, a multi-level trust model with the probability distribution is proposed and a multivalued decision diagrams (MDD)-based method is suggested for assessing the trust level of two parties that may be connected through multiple indirect or direct links. These connection paths may be correlated due to sharing a common party or link. Further, the MDD-based method is extended for performing a trust sensitivity analysis with the aim to pinpoint which direct link contributes the most to the trust relationship between two non-directly connected parties within the social network. Dynamics in trust are also investigated. Examples are provided to illustrate the proposed probabilistic MDD-based method for trust and sensitivity analyses. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated through experiments and comparisons with existing trust evaluation methods. INDEX TERMS Multivalued decision diagram, reliability model, sensitivity analysis, trust analysis.