Scientific research is giving interest in determining the concentrations of Radon in drinking water and sediments due to the occurrence of serious diseases related to this chemical element. The solubility of Radon in water (potable and underground) allows percolation in soils and rocks. The concentrations of Radon natural radioactivity were measured in drinking water and sediment at a wastewater treatment plant (Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq) using trace detector RAD7 and CR-39 (diffusion chamber, Landauer). Sampling was carried out at 20 samples (10 of drinking water and 10 of sediment). The results of radioactivity showed that the concentration of 222Rn in drinking water varies from 0.05 to 0.47 Bq/L, with an average of 0.24 Bq/L. However, the 222Rn concentrations in the sediment vary from 29.16 to 60.52 Bq/m3, with an average of 42.43 Bq/m3. From the results, it was possible to calculate the contribution of Radon to drinking water associated with age. The effective annual doses were found below the recommended limit. Radon concentrations in drinking water and sediment showed high levels of radioactivity compared to the natural limit. However, the same results indicated low radioactivity levels compared to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and the World Health Organization. In this way, all drinking water at these stations is safe to use.

After the 1991 and 2003 Gulf war increased incidence of cancer especially (leukemia) in Babylon city which is a major motivation to measure the concentration of alpha particles in human blood. CR-39 using to measure the alpha particles emitted from radon concentration in thirty human blood samples for patients and healthy was collected from Morgan Hospital, Babylon, Iraq. The result is showed the highest concentrations in the blood sample for leukemia patient collected from centre city is 13.98 ± 0.94 Bq/m3. Whilst, the lowest concentration is collected from Al-Mudhatia 5.24 ± 0.54 Bq/m3 with an average value is 7.79 ± 0.51 Bq/m3. On the other hand, the concentration of alpha particles emitted from radon concentration in male blood samples higher than concentration in female blood samples. A negative correlation between the disease age and alpha particles concentration in human blood was found. The comparison shows that the concentration of alpha particles in the human blood samples in the present study is lower than the concentration of alpha particles reported by UNSCEAR (2000).

Uranium concentrations of human blood and soil samples have been studied at different ages and occupations in Babylon, Iraq. The technique of nuclear track detectors CR 39 with nuclear fission track analysis has been used to determine the uranium concentrations in this study. Results have shown that the concentrations of uranium ranged from 0.56 ± 0.06 to 1.24 ± 0.29 ppb with an average of 0.83 ± 0.18 ppb in blood samples. On the other hand, the concentrations of uranium in soil samples ranged from 0.93 ± 0.20 to 2.59 ± 0.15 ppm with an average of 1.72 ± 0.19 ppm. Moreover, the highest averages of concentration have been found in the city center of Babylon, reaching 1.09 ± 0.22 ppb and 2.10 ± 0.23 ppm in blood and soil samples, respectively. The results have further proved that gender and occupations have an effect in increasing the concentrations of uranium. In addition, the concentrations in blood samples are generally lower than the concentration in soil samples.