Selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP-1) is a 56 kD cytosolic protein bound to selenium by selenosulfide covalent bond. It enhances the production of reactive oxygen species and aggravates the oxidative stress. Significant high urinary levels observed in acute kidney injury. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to assess the clinical significant of determining the serum level of SBP-1 in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A total number of 125 patients with established CKD, and 30 healthy subjects were recruited from Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil-Iraq from January to August 2018. Anthropometric, blood pressure, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were determined. Serum SBP-1 was determined by using enzyme linked immunoassay technique. The mean ± SD of serum SBP-1 level was significantly (p<0.001) higher in CKD than the corresponding level of healthy subjects (2009 ± 857.4 vs. 920.6 ± 288.3 pg/ml), respectively. Significant positive correlation between eGFR with serum level of SBP-1 (r=0.188, p=0.036) was observed. Receiving operating characteristics test shows that the area under the curve of the waist to height ratio was significantly high at a cut-off value of SBP-1 is 1500 pg/ml. The sensitivity, the specificity, and the positive predictive value of this discriminator were 61.6%, 100%, and 77%, respectively. We conclude that serum SBP-1 significantly correlates with eGFR, and it is a useful discriminator of cardiovascular events that represented by a significant the area under the curve of waist to height ratio. Erbil IraqAssessment of serum selenium binding protein-1 level in patients with chronic kidney disease: its relation to the renal function and the associated risk factors

Metallothioneins (MTs) are intracellular metal-protein which not alone have inactivated heavy metals but also have traced elements while improving the antioxidant status. Serum levels of some heavy metals and trace elements showed toxic levels in the end-stage renal failure. This study is aimed to determine the serum level of metallothionein in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to show the effects of hemodialysis on its level. This cross-sectional study included 125 patients with CKD managed with regular hemodialysis. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by using the Cockroft and Gault equation adjusted to the body surface area (ml/min/m2), and 4 variable modified diet in renal disease (4-v MDRD) equation (ml/min/1.73m2). The mean ± SD of serum metallothionein was significantly less than the corresponding level of healthy subjects (1113.4±289.5 pg/ml versus 1536.0±341.4 pg/ml). Hemodialysis improves the serum level of metallothionein to attain 1437.6±406.1 pg/ml. There is a non-significant correlation between serum metallothionein with the eGFR and hemodialysis did not produce a significant effect on the correlation between serum metallothionein with eGFR.  We conclude that serum metallothionein level is a useful prognostic marker for CKD and hemodialysis plays a role in the recovery of serum metallothionein level.