Visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid is very sensitive for ectocervical lesions. The advantages of the VIA method are its low cost and ease of use (it can be used by paramedical workers), its high sensitivity and its immediate results (it is possible to "see and treat" at the first visit). Its main limitation is a high rate of false-positive results, which may lead to overtreatment if a "see and treat" policy is applied.

Medial condyle Hoffa fractures are intra articular injuries, which require prompt anatomical reduction and internal fixation. Arthroscopy-guided fixation of these fractures has also been advocated; the advantages include avoidance of soft tissue dissection, fast recovery and mobilization. We describe a case of a 28-year-old male patient presenting with a 10-day-old medial condylar Hoffa fracture. Skin condition prevented from conventional open reduction and internal fixation; hence, taking note of the urgency of fixation of an intraarticular fracture, arthroscopic-assisted minimally invasive approach was performed with good outcome.

Coronal plane fracture of femoral condyles was first elaborated by Hoffa. These are difficult articular injuries, often described in adult skeleton and very rarely in pediatric age group. Conjoint variety with intact bone bridge between condyles in intercondylar notch area is rare. We report a conjoint variety of bicondylar Hoffa's fracture in a child which was surgically treated using headless compression screws along with a brief review of literature about fracture entity and complexities associated with it.

Study Design. Case series and review of literature. Objective. To report three cases of vascular injury during posterior lumbar disc surgery, two of these occurred during open discectomy, and one during an endoscopic surgery. Aim is to highlight importance of early diagnosis and prompt steps taken to prevent morbidity and mortality. Summary of Background Data. Vascular injury during lumbar discectomy is rare injury. Also no case has been reported so far occurring during an endoscopic discectomy. Methods. Three patients were treated for lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse, two had undergone open posterior discectomy while the third patient underwent endoscopic discectomy and all of them were diagnosed to have suffered an abdominal vascular injury. Results. In two cases pseudo-aneurysm was found while third case was diagnosed as an arterio-venous fistula. All the three cases were managed with endovascular stenting and followed for a minimum period of 2 years. No further complications were detected. Conclusion. Vascular injury during a disc surgery is difficult to diagnose due to the rarity of occurrence and subtle signs which need to be recognized to start early management. Level of Evidence: 5

Tuberculosis rarely involves wrist joint and is usually diagnosed in arthritic stage. We, hereby, describe a case of TB afflicting wrist joint in a young child. To our knowledge, similar presentation has never been reported. Diagnostic dilemma became more pronounced as the radiograph presented with features of osteitis of hamate instead of a classical phemister's triad, as is usually expected.