Investigated attitudes of nursing staff to their patients and their treatment, using the Ellsworth Attitude Scale and three opinion statements derived from a preliminary attitude survey. Those who were most pessimistic about the extent to which patients were able to participate in treatment tended to be of lower rank and training and also scored high on the attitude of Restrictive Control and low on that of Accountability. Those who were pessimistic about the therapeutic efficacy of the hospital tended to be younger and scored higher on Protective Benevolence and lower on Accountability attitudes. Those who scored high on Authoritarianism were of significantly lower rank and training, and the opposite obtained for those who scored high on Accountability. It is suggested that the attitude of Protective Benevolence is closer to Restrictive Control than to Accountability and that this attitude should not be considered a move toward enlightened thinking; furthermore, that the prevalence of custodial and pessimistic views among the lower ranking and younger nursing staff may be due to lack of opportunity for and support in taking therapeutic responsibility.

Objective The objective of this scoping review is to explore the implications of human-dog dyadic interactions on canine chronic pain, by investigating the mediating role of human emotion on the affective and behavioural states of dogs typically associated with canine pain. Introduction: Canine chronic osteoarthritis pain causes significant burden of disease in pet dog populations. It is understood that chronic pain is complex and multidimensional, with poor correlation between disease severity and functional disability. Interactions with their human caregivers have measurable effects of affective and physiological states in dogs. A better understanding of how these interactions may affect functional disability in dogs with osteoarthritis pain will inform patient management approaches. Inclusion criteria: This review included studies evaluating behavioural, physiological, affective or cognitive changes in dogs, within a human-dog dyad, in response to human caregiver behaviour, personality or emotion. Methods The databases searched included PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL, SOCINDEX, PSYCHARTICLES AND PSYCHINFO, and articles were screened by two independent reviewers for assessment against the inclusion criteria for the review. Results 55 Full text articles were included in the results. Conclusions The data support the hypothesis that human affective states influence canine affect, physiology, cognition and behavioural adaptation.