Trivalent influenza virus A/Duck/Singapore (H5N3), A/Panama (H3N2), and B/Guandong vaccine preparations were used in a randomized, controlled, dose-ranging phase I study. The vaccines were prepared from highly purified hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from influenza viruses propagated in embryonated chicken eggs and inactivated with formaldehyde. We assigned 100 participants to six vaccine groups, as follows. Three intranasally vaccinated groups received 7.5-g doses of hemagglutinin from each virus strain with either 3, 10, or 30 g of heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin (LTK63) and 990 g of a supramolecular biovector; one intranasally vaccinated group was given 7.5-g doses of hemagglutinin with 30 g of
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