This paper critically assesses the effectiveness of Olympic anti-doping measures, will consider the way in which the difficulties inherent in the detection of doping may cause infringements on rule of law principles, and discusses approaches to further encourage a mutually beneficial global culture of cooperation and compliance between nations, which must serve as the fundamental basis for the modern development of anti-doping practices. This paper further highlights how the positive steps Russian bodies have taken in response to this scandal and the tangible improvements made to their regulation of doping behaviors are a positive indicator of sports law's capacity to enact change. Moreover, this paper will argue that an approach to anti-doping that seeks to rehabilitate and encourage positive behaviors is ultimately necessary to ensure international sport's role in peacefully facilitating international cooperation, as approaches that vilify and permanently ostracize states that have been found in violation of anti-doping laws are ultimately ineffective at facilitating compliance.

Despite having a strong basis in the cultural heritage of Japan, Japanese folklore spirits, also known as yōkai, have often been excluded from being protected as cultural heritage, and are often privately trademarked and used in a multi-billion-dollar entertainment industry. Through these trademarks, rights holders have inconsistent and overlapping privatized entitlement to what is essentially shared cultural heritage, which forms a chasm in Japanese copyright protections. This has negative consequences for the public use and enjoyment of cultural heritage. This essay takes a socio-legal approach and proposes that yōkai being catalogued and protected under the protections granted by the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage would be a positive step, but is ultimately not a viable solution to this issue, and instead the lack of fair use protections in Japanese copyright law should be expanded to include a defence for the use of cultural heritage forms such as yōkai.

This research paper critically evaluates the status of natural resources law in Australia in relation to its capacity to disincentivize the capacity for mining and natural resource extraction related activities to pollute essential water sources. This paper articulates the historical development of the law protecting waterways from pollution within Australia and Queensland and identifies the deficiencies in this development. This paper then investigates mechanisms for improving the capacity of the law to incentivize environmentally sound practices from groups that carry out natural resource extraction. This topic warrants investigation due to the vital nature of water for sustainable growth and development in Queensland, particularly with Australia and Queensland's dependence on waterways such as the Murray-Darling basin for agricultural and ecological sustainability. This paper investigates the complicated relationship between the necessity of water for facilitating mining infrastructure projects such as coal seam gas extraction, alongside the potential for waterways to become polluted through these processes and negatively impact the livelihood of local populations. This research looks toward jurisdictions who have recently made law reform attempts to address similar issues relating to pollutants from mining practices in waterways such as the recent reforms made by the People's Republic of China. In studying these reforms, this paper critically assesses the capacity for these law reforms to provide solutions to address pollution caused by natural resource extraction in Australian waterways. How to cite this paper: Shaw, A. G. A.