Conversion of Units This paper presents a fundamental analysis of the Multiply By To obtain processing steps in the production of methanol from southern red oak (Quercus falcata Michx.) by two-stage 1 kilogram (kg) 2.205 pounds dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Data for hemicellulose and cellulose hydrolysis are correlated using models. 1 tonne = 1,000 kg 1.102 tons (U.S.) This information is used to develop and evaluate a process design.

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Fast pyrolysis of pine sawdust in a small vortex reactor operating at 10 to 20 kg/h and 480 to 520 °C produces high yields of pri mary pyrolysis oils (over 55% by weight on a dry basis). The vortex reactor transmits very high heat fluxes to the sawdust, causing pri marily depolymerization of the constituent polymers into monomers and oligomers. A preliminary scheme separates the raw oils into a carbohydrate-derived aqueous fraction and a phenolic-rich ethyl ac etate (EA) soluble fraction. The EA fraction is washed with water and with aqueous sodium bicarbonate to remove acids yielding 20% to 25% of the feed as phenols and neutrals (P/N) in the EA solution.After ΕA evaporation, a novolak formulation with 50% phenol and 50% of the P/N fraction was successfully prepared. Gel times for the P/N fractions suitably prepared are intermediate between resorcinol and traditional phenol-formaldehyde resins. Preliminary projected amortized production costs for the P/N fraction are 10(16) cents per pound for a 1,000(250) tons per day plant ($10/dry ton feedstock, 15% interest with 20-year amortization).Pyrolysis of biomass is known to produce a complex mixture of phenolic com pounds, which are derived primarily from the lignin fraction of the biomass(1-4)-Elder and Soltes (5, 6) have investigated a phenolic fraction obtained from pyrolysis oils made in an up draft gasifier by TECH AIR as a source of phenolic adhesives; a phenolics fraction was separated by solubility differences of oil fractions based on solubility of acids in aqueous bicarbonate solutions and

The kinetics of cotton cellulose depolymerization by the brown rot fungus Postia placenta and the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium were investigated with solid-state cultures. The degree of polymerization (DP; the average number of glucosyl residues per cellulose molecule) of cellulose removed from soil-block cultures during degradation by P. placenta was first determined viscosimetrically. Changes in molecular size distribution of cellulose attacked by either fungus were then determined by size exclusion chromatography as the tricarbanilate derivative. The first study with P. placenta revealed two phases of depolymerization: a rapid decrease to a DP of approximately 800 and then a slower decrease to a DP of approximately 250. Almost all depolymerization occurred before weight loss. Determination of the molecular size distribution of cellulose during attack by the brown rot fungus revealed single major peaks centered over progressively lower DPs. Cellulose attacked by P. chrysosporium was continuously consumed and showed a different pattern of change in molecular size distribution than cellulose attacked by P. placenta. At first, a broad peak which shifted at a slightly lower average DP appeared, but as attack progressed the peak narrowed and the average DP increased