This paper covers the development, laboratory testing, and field testing of Acid Soluble Plug (ASP) technology as a viable completion alternative to wireline or tubing conveyed perforating. The ASPs are installed in a pre-perforated reservoir liner and dissolve when soaked in acid allowing access to the reservoir. This allows the technology to be easily applied in reservoirs where matrix acid jobs or acid fracturing techniques are employed. The ASP technology was developed to reduce risk and cost associated with wireline and tubing conveyed perforating. ASPs were designed, manufactured, and field tested in both 5 in. and 7-5/8 in. reservoir liner sizes for wells in the Ekofisk and Eldfisk fields. The combination of laboratory testing and large scale field testing influenced the design of the ASPs as well as the additives utilized in the acid systems used to dissolve them. From concept to initial field implementation, the process of ASP engineering development took more than two years. The concept was initially field tested in deviated injectors with ASPs installed in the deepest section of reservoir liner. The field tests proved the ASP concept prior to depending on the technology in a horizontal producer with an un-cemented, liner-in-liner completion solution. The field tests showed that acid soaking dissolved the ASPs in the down hole environment and allowed efficient acid stimulation of the reservoir. It also reduced the number of wire line runs necessary to complete the well. When field tested in a liner-in-liner completion application, installation of the ASPs in the reservoir liner eliminated tubing conveyed perforating runs. The reservoir liner was un-cemented with mechanical openhole packers for zonal isolation. The ASPs provided a pressure tight reservoir liner to set the packers against and eliminated fluid loss during the running of the inner completion string. Optimization of this technology is an ongoing process. The plug design itself continues to evolve as well as the operational steps to minimize the soaking time necessary to dissolve the plugs and gain access to the reservoir. The latest field applications will be shared at the time the paper is presented.

Summary This paper describes the design, testing, installation, and performance of the first fully completed well by use of an intelligent inner completion inside an uncemented liner with openhole packers for zonal isolation. The well-design concept evolved from technical challenges associated with completing long cased-and-cemented laterals in the mature Ekofisk waterflood. The term fully completed implies full reservoir access along the pay length for production and high-rate matrix acid stimulation by use of limited entry for fluid diversion within well segments. The paper covers the development and qualification of custom openhole 7⅝-in.-liner components that can handle high differential pressures and severe temperature fluctuations of 200°F; the marriage of this complex liner with a five-zone intelligent-completion system; and results from 1 year of system-integration testing. The paper also discusses the strategic placement of both mechanical openhole and inner-string packers based on caliper and drilling logs; challenges met and overcome during installation; and comprehensive downhole-gauge data that confirms the performance of each component before, during, and after the stimulation. The Ekofisk field waterflood began in 1987 and continues to date, exceeding expectations for improved oil recovery while mitigating reservoir compaction. As the waterflood matures, new wells are more often found partially water-swept. Limited infrastructure for lifting and handling the high water production has led to increased emphasis on isolating these water-swept intervals. Cased, cemented, and perforated completions have traditionally been used for this service. Effective placement of cement is challenging in horizontals 4,000–8,000 ft in length, where rotation of the liner is not possible and high effective-circulating densities limit rates during cementing. Wide variations in reservoir pore pressures, often in excess of 2,000-psi difference along the lateral, are typical of the Ekofisk chalk and compound the difficulties of cementing. As a result, a new method for zonal isolation has been developed to ensure the success of future infill-drilling campaigns. The design and careful planning that went into the fully completed openhole uncemented-liner strategy resulted in a successful field trial and has proved this solution to be an effective alternative to cemented reservoir liners in long horizontals where zonal isolation is critical. Use of the intelligent-well system (IWS) allowed offline acid stimulation without rig, coiled-tubing, or wireline intervention. What would have traditionally been a significant water producer, with three water-swept zones totaling nearly 2,000 ft across a 4,000-ft reservoir section, has turned out to be one of the best oil producers in the field, with nearly zero water cut. Production results show high productivity with highly negative acidized-completion skins. With large investments in intelligent completions to provide zone-specific inflow control and water shutoff, isolation outside the liner becomes much more important. Over recent years, the Ekofisk wells have illustrated the difficulty of achieving effective cement along lengthy reservoir targets. The openhole fully completed solution combining an accessorized uncemented liner with an inner intelligent-completion string will allow operators to push the limits in terms of lateral length while maintaining full control over producing and nonproducing zones.

Summary This paper covers the development, laboratory testing, and field testing of acid-soluble-plug (ASP) technology as a viable completion alternative to wireline- or tubing-conveyed perforating. The ASPs are installed in a preperforated reservoir liner and dissolve when soaked in acid, allowing access to the reservoir. This allows the technology to be easily applied in reservoirs in which matrix acid jobs or acid-fracturing techniques are used. The ASP technology was developed to reduce risk and cost associated with wireline- and tubing-conveyed perforating. ASPs were designed, manufactured, and field tested in both 5-in. and 7.625-in. reservoir liner sizes for wells in the Ekofisk field. The combination of laboratory testing and large-scale field testing influenced the design of the ASPs as well as the additives used in the acid systems used to dissolve them. From concept to initial field implementation, the process of ASP-engineering development took more than 2 years. The concept was in the beginning field-tested in deviated injectors, with ASPs installed in the deepest section of the reservoir liner. The field tests proved the ASP concept before depending on the technology in a horizontal producer with an uncemented, tubing-in-liner completion solution. The field tests showed that acid soaking dissolved the ASPs in the downhole environment and allowed efficient acid stimulation of the reservoir. It also reduced the number of wireline runs necessary to complete the well. When field tested in a tubing-in-liner completion application, installation of the ASPs in the reservoir liner eliminated tubing-conveyed-perforating runs. The reservoir liner was uncemented with mechanical openhole packers for zonal isolation. The ASPs provided a pressure-tight reservoir liner to set the packers against and eliminated fluid loss during the running of the inner completion string. Optimization of this technology is an ongoing process. The plug design itself continues to evolve as well as the operational steps to minimize the soaking time necessary to dissolve the plugs and to gain access to the reservoir.

This paper describes the design, testing, installation, and performance of the first 'fully-completed' well using an intelligent inner completion inside an un-cemented liner with openhole packers for zonal isolation. The well design concept evolved from technical challenges associated with completing long cased and cemented laterals in the mature Ekofisk waterflood. The term 'fully-completed' implies full reservoir access along the pay length for production and high rate matrix acid stimulation using limited entry for fluid diversion within well segments.The paper covers the development and qualification of custom openhole 7⅝ in. liner components that can handle high differential pressures and extreme temperature fluctuations, the marriage of this complex liner with a five zone intelligent completion system, and results from a year of system integration testing. The paper also discusses the strategic placement of both mechanical openhole and inner string packers based on caliper and drilling logs; challenges met and overcome during installation; and a remarkable collection of down-hole gauge data that confirms the performance of each component before, during, and after the stimulation.The Ekofisk field waterflood began in 1987 and continues to date, exceeding expectations for improved oil recovery while mitigating reservoir compaction. As the waterflood matures, new wells are more often found partially water-swept. Limited infrastructure for lifting and handling the high water production has led to increased emphasis on isolating these water-swept intervals. Cased, cemented and perforated completions have traditionally been used for this service. It has become increasingly difficult to execute a successful cement job in longer horizontals with 4,000 ft to 8,000 ft laterals where rotation of the liner is impossible and high effective circulating densities (ECDs) limit rates during cementing. Wide variations in reservoir pore pressures, often in excess of 2,000 psi difference along the lateral, are typical of the Ekofisk chalk and exacerbate the difficulties of cementing. As a result, a new method for zonal isolation has been developed to ensure the success of future infill drilling campaigns.The design and careful planning that went into the fully-completed openhole un-cemented liner strategy resulted in a successful field trial and has proven this solution to be an effective alternative to cemented reservoir liners in long horizontals where zonal isolation is critical. Use of the intelligent well system (IWS) allowed offline acid stimulation without rig, coiledtubing, or wireline intervention. What would have traditionally been a significant water producer, with three water-swept zones totaling nearly 2,000 ft across a 4,000 ft reservoir section, has turned out to be one of the best oil producers in the field with nearly zero water cut. Production results show high productivity with highly negative acidized completion skins.With large investments in intelligent completions to provide zone-specific inflow control ...