The educative experience of people with disability leads the inter­na­tio­nal debate towards the value of inclusive learning contexts. Nonetheless, the theoretical and methodological principles of an inclusive education approach have to be outlined. Data collected using explorative questionnaires during a five-years survey in an Italian region's schools show a slow evolution of the scholastic context. From the perspective of Special Pedagogy, the qualitative investigation on three macro-dimensions (the diversity perception, the didactic and methodological means, the wellbeing of pupils) reveals an emerging development of solid awareness among teachers. Findings confirm that the inclusion processes at school are attainable only throughout a series of clear methodological elements: 1) a valorising attitude towards diversity; 2) an orienting learning process; 3) a plural and flexible use of both methodologies and strategies; 4) a collaborative work environment; 5) a continuous training process; 6) a deontological approach. These are the principles that allow teachers to support each student in the manifold itineraries of identity fulfilment, encouraging pupils to express their needs and to develop their abilities in a welcoming and participative context.

Scholastic instruction is continuously going through moments of crisis. Nevertheless, the need of a persistent process of innovation, it is important to understand how such a modernisation can be and should be accomplished. Taking the perspective of Special Didactics, the article delineates the question through three different themes: a) inclusive education as main objective with which evaluate the effectiveness of novelty actions, b) the challenges that school has to face, and c) the deep meaning of innovation itself. The result allows to point out the elements of a suggestion for teachers' education, who are fundamentally called to sustain an authentic innovation process.