In daycare centres, the close contact of children with other children and employees favours the transmission of infections. The majority of children <6 years attend daycare programmes in Germany, but the role of daycare centres in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is unclear. We investigated the transmission risk in daycare centres and the spread of SARS-CoV-2 to associated households. 30 daycare groups with at least one recent laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 case were enrolled in the study (10/2020-06/2021). Close contact persons within daycare and households were examined over a 12-day period (repeated SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests, genetic sequencing of viruses, symptom diary). Households were interviewed to gain comprehensive information on each outbreak. We determined primary cases for all daycare groups. The number of secondary cases varied considerably between daycare groups. The pooled secondary attack rate (SAR) across all 30 daycare centres was 9.6%. The SAR tended to be higher when the Alpha variant was detected (15.9% vs. 5.1% with evidence of wild type). The household SAR was 53.3%. Exposed daycare children were less likely to get infected with SARS-CoV-2 than employees (7.7% vs. 15.5%). Containment measures in daycare programmes are critical to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, especially to avoid spread to associated households.
No abstract
Allergic diseases are among the most common health issues children and adolescents face. Allergic reactions occur when the immune system becomes allergically sensitised and are detected by measuring levels of specific immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE antibodies) in the blood. This article discusses the prevalences of bronchial asthma, hay fever, atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis for 0- to 17-year-olds, as well as the prevalence of allergic sensitisation to a mix of frequent inhalant allergens (SX1) among 3- to 17-year-olds based on data from the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2, 2014-2017). 12-month prevalence trends between KiGGS Wave 2 and the KiGGS baseline study (2003-2006) are shown according to gender and age group. There were no significant changes in the 12-month prevalence of hay fever (8.8%) atopic dermatitis (7.0%) and bronchial asthma (3.5%) compared to the KiGGS baseline study, which indicates a stabilisation at a high level. More than one in six children (16.1%) currently suffer from at least one of these three diseases. 37.1% of 3- to 17-year-olds are sensitised to the multiple allergen mix SX1. Similar to the development of disease prevalence, SX1 sensitisation too has remained stable at a high level over the course of the past ten years.
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Symptomatik einer pädiatrischen SARS-CoV-2-Infektion ist sehr variabel. Es gibt nur wenige Studien zu nichthospitalisierten Kindern bzw. Kindern im Kita-Alter. Ziel der Arbeit Die Arbeit soll die Häufigkeit verschiedener COVID-19-Symptome bei ein- bis 6‑jährigen Kindern beschreiben. Sie führt dazu Daten aus 2 Modulen der Corona-KiTa-Studie zusammen: 1) das Modul „COALA“ – Corona: Anlassbezogene Untersuchungen in Kitas und 2) das Modul „CATS“ – Corona KiTa Surveillance (Meldedaten). Material und Methoden In COALA wurden die Infektionsgeschehen in 30 Kitas, in denen ein SARS-CoV-2-Fall gemeldet wurde, untersucht (Oktober 2020 bis Juni 2021). Kita-Kinder wurden prospektiv über 12 Tage beobachtet (SARS-CoV-2-Tests, Symptomtagebuch). Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Symptomangaben der deutschlandweit gemeldeten SARS-CoV-2-Fälle (Meldedaten) verglichen. Ergebnisse Aus den teilnehmenden Kitas liegen für 289 Kinder Angaben vor. Von 39 Kindern mit SARS-CoV‑2 (Wildtyp, α‑Variante) hatten 64 % mindestens ein Symptom, von den nicht mit SARS-CoV‑2 infizierten Kindern 40 %. In beiden Gruppen war Schnupfen das häufigste Symptom (36 % vs. 25 %, n. s.). Aus den Meldedaten liegen für 84.371 Kinder klinische Informationen vor, Fieber war am häufigsten (27 %), neben Schnupfen (26 %). Schwere Beschwerden wie z. B. Atemnot wurden in den Ausbruchsuntersuchungen und in den Meldedaten nur selten angegeben (3 % bzw. 1 %). Schlussfolgerung Kinder im Kita-Alter haben meist milde bzw. asymptomatische Verläufe einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion. Ihre Symptome ähneln denjenigen von nicht mit SARS-CoV‑2 infizierten Kindern aus denselben Kitas. Es erscheint sinnvoll, Erkenntnisse aus den Meldedaten durch Ausbruchsuntersuchungen zu ergänzen, um methodische Limitationen der einzelnen Vorgehensweisen auszugleichen.
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