The purpose of this study was to test a model that delineated the interrelationships among parenting stress, perceived mastery (defined as the belief that one's life chances are under one's own control), maternal depression, and parent-child interaction. A secondary data analysis of the Fragile Family and Child Well-Being Study was conducted, using a sample of 2,650 mothers. Results suggest that parenting stress undermines one's sense of perceived mastery which, in turn, resulted in depression. Moreover, the results also indicated that parenting stress directly affected maternal depression and parent-child interaction. There was no support for the hypothesis that parenting stress undermines one's sense of perceived mastery which, in turn, resulted in depression, which affected one's parent-child interaction. Implications of these findings for professionals working with mothers of young children are discussed. Future research should test this model using other forms of parenting behavior.It has been 27 years since Belsky (1984) published his seminal work on the ecological model of the determinants of parenting behavior. Belsky identified three domains of determinants of parenting behavior. These domains are parent characteristics (i.e., psychological resources and developmental histories), characteristics of the child, and contextual sources of stress and social support. For Belsky, these domains have both a direct and indirect effect on parenting behavior. Belsky speculates that the indirect effect of sources of support and stress on parenting behavior will be through the psychological resources of the parent. Yet, most studies that have exam-

The purpose of this study was to assess both the direct and indirect effects of family religiosity on adolescent substance use among African American and European American adolescents. For African American adolescents, the results indicated that parental limit-setting and monitoring mediated the relationship between family religiosity and adolescent substance use. As for European American adolescents, parental limit-setting and monitoring partially mediated the relationship between family religiosity and adolescent substance use. Implications for the development of interventions for African American and European American adolescents at risk for substance use are discussed.

No abstract

Professional schools are developing conceptual frameworks that can be used to assess and improve implicit curricula. Students' professional empowerment, defined to include perceived professional competence and identity, may be considered a vital outcome of these efforts. Our study evaluated measures and tested a path model that included perceptions of characteristics of implicit curricula (i.e., faculty and staff diversity, supportive faculty, opportunity role structure, and access to infor mation) and mediating variables (i.e., participation, sense of community, and feeling valued by the school) as predictors of professional empowerment. Respondents were students (N = 423) of a school of social work in the northeast. Results supported the validity of the scales and fit of the hypothesized model. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine substance use among older adults based upon their social isolation and loneliness profiles. Methods Data were derived from the New Jersey Older Adult Survey on Drug Use and Health (OASDUH). Latent profile Analysis (LPA) was used to determine the profiles of older adults (N = 801) based on five dimensions of social isolation and loneliness. Logistic and generalized ordered logistic regressions were conducted to assess the relationship between the latent profiles and substance use. Results LPA identified five social isolation/loneliness profiles. The “connected and active” group had the lowest odds of cigarette use. The “alone but not lonely” group had the highest odds of cigarette use, alcohol use, and high-risk drinking. The “alone and lonely” group had the highest odds of non-medical drug use. Discussion In working with older adults who are using substances, it is important to inquire about their social isolation and loneliness. Cognitive behavioral therapy for the “alone and lonely” group may be beneficial, as it has been deemed effective in reducing loneliness and enhancing social network.