Various studies have highlighted the benefits of physical activity (PA) performance in older adults on physical, cognitive, and functional levels 1 . For this reason, one of the main health strategies aimed at this group is the promotion of PA 2 . For this purpose, it is fundamental to ascertain efficient resources in order to pinpoint the level of PA that has been reached after a period of time. This would allow experts to determine the baseline from which an adequate prescription of PA performance could be established, as well as to identify the effects of the interventions with this objective in mind. In this regard, PA recall performance questionnaires are considered the most effective tool given their low-cost, ease of administration, and capacity for simultaneous assessment in larger samples 3 . In spite of this, research is still scarce regarding the psychometric properties of the Spanish versions of questionnaires that are specifically tailored for the assessment of PA performance in older adults [4][5][6][7] . It has been suggested that the questionnaire that was created on the basis of the study entitled "Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors," also known as CHAMPS 8 , is the most advisable resource in situations where the main goal is to estimate the prevalence of PA performance in older adults, primarily because the questionnaire features a series of psychometric properties that are suitable for this purpose 9 . However, from an epidemiological approach, the use of CHAMPS with Spanish older populations would present a number of methodological limitations since the psychometric properties of the adapted version of CHAMPS for Hispanic populations have not yet been investigated 10 . Moreover, this version was later modified to assess its applicability in Puerto Rican populations, but only its internal consistency was analyzed by testing a very small sample of older adults between the ages of 65 and 9011 . Consequently, the degree of validity of that version remains to be determined when administered to adult Spanish populations. In addition, it has been noted that CHAMPS validity behaves differently in institutionalized older adults, a group for which a very low level of affinity has been detected between the amount of PA estimated by the questionnaire and the amount registered through accelerometry 12 . Hence, this particular line of research is yet to be fully exploited.Under these circumstances, the present study investigates the validity of a Spanish adaptation of the CHAMPS questionnaire for institutionalized older adults between the ages of 74 and 90. MethodsParticipants in this study were recruited through a collaboration agreement signed between the University of "Vigo" and "Fundación San Rosendo", a company that specializes in geriatric center management. The inclusion criteria were the following: (a)being over 65 years' old; (b) residing in a geriatric center; and (c)presenting mobility autonomy, in other words, being able to move freely without the help of another person. Ind...

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ResumenEl Lidar aéreo se ha constituido en la última década como una de las herramientas más interesantes para la prospección arqueológica, puesto que permite, entre otras cosas, analizar el terreno con gran detalle obviando la vegetación. Planteamos un ejemplo de las posibilidades que para el Megalitismo la tecnología Lidar puede proporcionar. Para ello, hemos elegido la necrópolis megalítica del Monte de Santa Mariña (provincia de Lugo, Galicia), que cuenta con una treintena de monumentos catalogados. Para el estudio del terreno se ha procedido a diseñar una metodología de prospección arqueológica basada en datos Lidar que, gracias a diferentes análisis visuales propuestos, han permitido situar los monumentos correctamente e incluso encontrar uno nuevo. Palabras claveLidar, Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Megalitismo, Santa Mariña. AbstractOver the last decade, the aerial Lidar has been constituted as one of the most interesting tools for the archaeological survey, because it allows, among other things, to analyze the field in detail, specially obviating the vegetation. Thus, we propose an example of the possibilities that Lidar technology could provide in the case of Megalithic culture. Furthermore, we have chosen the megalithic necropolis of Monte de Santa Mariña (Lugo, Galicia), which had some thirty-four monuments officially cataloged. Consequently, before starting the archaeological survey we have planned a methodology based on Lidar data. In fact, thanks to the study of different types of visual analysis proposed by some authors, we were able to identify correctly the whole of all the monuments and even find a new one.

A 53-year-old man who had worked for 17 years manufacturing car batteries, with overt exposure to lead, developed a clinical picture initially characterized by signs of parkinsonism, followed by atypical signs such as loss of memory, reduction of eye movement, dysarthria, chorea-like dyskinesia and sexual impotence. The diagnosis of atypical parkinsonism was eventually changed to progressive supranuclear palsy-like parkinsonism. The patient was treated with various anti-Parkinson's disease drugs, including levodopa, with modest improvement. The symptoms deteriorated progressively, leading to permanent occupational disability with noticeable limitation of daily activities. Toxicological studies revealed abnormally high blood levels of lead. Discontinuation of lead exposure was followed first by clinical stabilization and then steady improvement. This case confirms recent reports that link exposure to lead and its compounds with degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, such as Parkinson's disease.

Background. This study compared the effects of Brain Gym (BG) exercises versus standard exercise (SE) on cognitive function, functional independence, physical fitness, and quality of life among institutionalised older adults with cognitive impairment.Methods. Institutionalised older adults with cognitive impairment were randomly assigned to either SE group or BG group. Participants performed two 1-hour sessions per week for 10 weeks. Cognitive function, functional independence, fitness level, and quality of life (QoL) of participants were assessed.Results: A total of 55 participants were assigned to the SE group (n=19) or the BG group (n=36). Of them, 17 in the SE group and 33 in the BG group completed >80% of the sessions. The two groups were comparable in terms of baseline characteristics. Participants in both BG and SE groups had a slight decline in cognitive function, functional independence, and physical-related QoL, as well as minor improvement in fitness level and mental-related QoL. The effects produced by either programme was similar (F 1,76 =0.063-1.986, p=0.163). Both programmes had similar effects on participants, and neither the level of cognitive impairment nor the programme had any significant effect.Conclusions. BG and SE have similar effects on cognitive function, functional independence, QoL, and fitness levels among institutionalised older adults with cognitive impairment.