Summary From a geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite's perspective, a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite is visible on more than half of its orbit. Albeit the free‐space loss of an inter‐satellite link is much higher than the one of a direct ground link, considerable data rates and download volumes can be achieved. In this paper, we describe the system architecture of an integrated approach for a data relay satellite system and the development of LEO satellite and ground station modems. The approach allows serving several small and inexpensive LEO satellites at the same time both with low rate telemetry/telecommand links and with high rate download of sensor data.

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Within this paper we examine a non-geostationary satellite constellation network with inter-satellite links (ISLs) for global air traffic control (ATC) and air passenger communication (APC). More specifically, an analysis is done to investigate the impacts of different routing policies on the end-to-end delay, and a general model describing the delays is developed. All considerations are based on a Galileo-like satellite constellation network and real global flight data of all commercial flights during one day